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To: Evgeny Sinelnikov <sin@altlinux.org>,
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From: Mikhail Novosyolov <mikhailnov@altlinux.org>
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Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2019 07:28:08 +0300
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Cc: ALT Linux Team development discussions <devel@lists.altlinux.org>
Subject: Re: [devel] =?utf-8?b?0J3QtdC70L7QutCw0LvRjNC90YvQuSDQstCw0YDQuNCw?=
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05.12.2019 03:49, Evgeny Sinelnikov =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=88=D0=B5=D1=82:
> =D0=94=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B8.
>
> =D0=B2=D1=82, 3 =D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BA. 2019 =D0=B3. =D0=B2 17:58, Mikhail =
Novosyolov <mikhailnov@altlinux.org>:
>> 29.11.2019 00:38, Evgeny Sinelnikov =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=88=D0=B5=D1=82:
>>> =D0=BF=D1=82, 29 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=8F=D0=B1. 2019 =D0=B3. =D0=B2 00:51,=
 Mikhail Novosyolov <mikhailnov@altlinux.org>:
>>>> 28.11.2019 22:47, Evgeny Sinelnikov =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=88=D0=B5=D1=82:
>>>>> =D1=87=D1=82, 28 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=8F=D0=B1. 2019 =D0=B3. =D0=B2 17:5=
6, Mikhail Novosyolov <mikhailnov@altlinux.org>:
>>>>>> =D0=94=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=80=D1=8B=D0=B9 =D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=80=
!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 28.11.2019 08:52, Evgeny Sinelnikov =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=88=D0=B5=D1=82=
:
>>>>>>> =D0=94=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B5 =D1=83=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D1=87=D1=82, 28 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=8F=D0=B1. 2019 =D0=B3. =D0=B2 05=
:14, Mikhail Novosyolov <mikhailnov@altlinux.org>:
>>>>>>>> 27.11.2019 22:16, Evgeny Sinelnikov =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=88=D0=B5=D1=82=
:
>>>>>>>>> <...>
>>>>>>>>>>> <...>
>>>>>>>>>>> =D0=9D=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B9=D0=BA=D0=B0 system=
-policy =D1=80=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=88=D0=B8=D1=80=D1=8F=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=8F=
 =D0=B8 =D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B2 =D1=81=D0=
=B5=D0=B1=D1=8F, =D0=BF=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=
=B8=D1=8E,
>>>>>>>>>>> =D0=B4=D0=B2=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BA=
=D0=B8 - local =D0=B8 global.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ~ # control system-policy help
>>>>>>>>>>> global: global session policy with mkhomedir
>>>>>>>>>>> local: local session policy
>>>>>>>>>>> ~ # control system-policy summary
>>>>>>>>>>> system session policy type
>>>>>>>>>>> ~ # control system-policy help
>>>>>>>>>>> global: global session policy with mkhomedir
>>>>>>>>>>> local: local session policy
>>>>>>>>>>> ~ # control system-policy
>>>>>>>>>>> local
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> =D0=9F=D0=BE =D1=81=D1=83=D1=82=D0=B8, =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=
=D0=B0=D1=8F =D0=BE=D1=82 =D0=B2=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D0=BE=D1=82=
=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=
=D0=BA=D0=BE =D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC - =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=
=87=D0=B8=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BB=D1=8F
>>>>>>>>>>> pam_mkhomedir.so
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ~ # cat /etc/pam.d/system-policy-local
>>>>>>>>>>> #%PAM-1.0
>>>>>>>>>>> session         required        pam_mktemp.so
>>>>>>>>>>> session         required        pam_limits.so
>>>>>>>>>>> ~ # cat /etc/pam.d/system-policy-global
>>>>>>>>>>> #%PAM-1.0
>>>>>>>>>>> session         required        pam_mktemp.so
>>>>>>>>>>> session         required        pam_mkhomedir.so silent
>>>>>>>>>>> session         required        pam_limits.so
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> <...>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> =D0=A5=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=8C =D0=B1=D1=8B =D0=
=BF=D0=BE=D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=
=D1=8C=D1=81=D1=8F, =D1=80=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8=
=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=B2=D1=8B =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=
=D0=BE=D1=81 pam_mkhomedir
>>>>>>>> vs pam_oddjob_mkhomedir?
>>>>>>> =D0=A0=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=
=D0=BB=D0=B8. =D0=9F=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=
=B5=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=8C.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> =D0=98=D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=
=D1=8C dbus =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=
=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=88=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=80=
=D0=B5=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B8 =D0=B8=D0=B7-=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=
 pam =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B6=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F
>>>>>>>> =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=
=B1=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=BC, =D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE=
 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=
=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8B =D1=81 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BA=
=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8 selinux
>>>>>>>> (https://access.redhat.com/discussions/903523#comment-766163), =D0=
=B2=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=8C=D0=BC=D0=B0
>>>>>>>> =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=BE.
>>>>>>> =D0=9D=D0=B5=D1=82, =D1=8F =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=
=8E, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=81=D0=B8=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=
=D0=BE =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=80. =D0=A1=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=87=
=D0=B0=D1=81 dbus =D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B5. =D0=9D=D1=83, =D0=BF=D1=
=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE
>>>>>>> =D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B5. NetworkManager - =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=
 dbus, udisks2 - =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5, polkit - =D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=
=B2=D0=B0...
>>>>>> =D0=A0=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=BE... =D0=A1=D0=BF=D0=B0=D1=
=81=D0=B8=D0=B1=D0=BE =D0=B7=D0=B0 =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=82. =D0=AD=
=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=80=
=D0=BC=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B0=
=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8 =D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B5,
>>>>>> =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=
=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B0, =D0=
=BD=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B5 =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=
=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=B2=D0=B5 =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=
=B2 chroot, =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA
>>>>>> =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=87=D1=82=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=
=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=D1=83=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE.
>>>>> =D0=9F=D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=
=D0=B5=D1=82? =D0=A2=D0=B0=D0=BC =D0=B2=D1=81=D1=91 =D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=86=D0=
=B8=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=
=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BE.
>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D0=92 =D1=88=D1=82=D1=83=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=
=87=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=83=D0=B3=D0=
=B0=D0=B5=D0=B2, =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7, =D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8=
=D0=B4=D1=86=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8C =D1=83=
 =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8F:
>>>>>>> $ LC_ALL=3DC apt-cache whatdepends libdbus | grep "Depends:
>>>>>>> <libdbus-1.so.3()(64bit)>" | wc -l
>>>>>>> 38
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D0=9D=D1=83, =D0=B8 =D0=B4=D0=B0... =D0=98=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=
=D0=BE =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81 selinux =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F Re=
dHat =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB =D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=BC =
=D0=B2 =D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=BC =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=
=D0=B5.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D0=92 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=BC =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=
=B0=D0=B5. =D0=92=D0=BE=D1=82 =D0=BF=D1=80=D1=8F=D0=BC =D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B9=
=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81. =D0=A1=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=BD pam_oddjob_gpupd=
ate, =D0=B2=D0=B7=D1=8F=D1=82 =D0=B7=D0=B0
>>>>>>> =D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=83 pam_oddjob_mkhomedir =D0=B8 =
=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BF=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD =D0=BE=D1=82 =D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BD=
=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B5=D0=BA=D1=82=
=D0=B0:
>>>>>>> https://github.com/altlinux/oddjob-gpupdate
>>>>>>> http://git.altlinux.org/people/sin/packages/oddjob-gpupdate.git
>>>>>> =D0=9A=D1=80=D1=83=D1=82=D0=BE! =D0=9D=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=
=BE=D0=B1=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=B2 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=
=BC =D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE, =
=D1=82.=D0=BA. =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=85=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=
=BD=D0=B0
>>>>>> =D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=B0=
=D1=8F =D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=8F git, =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=B2=
=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=82=
=D1=8C, =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B5=
=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=
=D0=BD=D1=8B.
>>>>> =D0=9D=D1=83, =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=BE =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=
=B4=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=85=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=
=8C =D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=8E. =D0=91=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=B0 =
=D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B0, =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=80=
=D0=BE=D1=82, =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BF=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C.
>>>>> =D0=A2=D0=B0=D0=BC =D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BB=
=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B0, =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B3=
=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D1=8F =D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B8=D1=89=D1=83=
, =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C =D0=BD=D0=
=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE.
>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D0=AD=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BB=D1=8C, =D0=BF=D0=
=BE=D0=B7=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=8E=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=B9 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=
=BF=D1=83=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B8=D0=B7-=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4 =D0=
=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=
=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82 =D0=BF=D0=BE
>>>>>>> =D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8E =D0=B3=
=D1=80=D1=83=D0=BF=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B8=
=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BA =D1=81 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=B0=
=D0=B4=D0=BC=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=
=B0. =D0=A1=D0=BB=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B1=D0=B0 oddjob
>>>>>>> =D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=
=D1=8F =D0=B2 =D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=BC =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=
=D0=B0=D0=B5 =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=B2=D1=83=D1=85 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=
=D0=B0=D1=87:
>>>>>>> - =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=83=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=
=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=86=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=81=D0=B0 =D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=
=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=B3=D1=80=D1=83=D0=BF=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=
=B2=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BA =D0=B2=D0=BE =D0=
=B2=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8F =D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0;
>>>>>>> - =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=80=D1=83=D1=87=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=
=B7=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=83=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=
=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=B3=D1=80=D1=83=D0=BF=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=
=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BA =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=
=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BC.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D0=A1=D0=B0=D0=BC gpupdate =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=
=B0=D1=82=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B4=D0=
=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B8 =D0=B3=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=
=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=B2=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5 =D0=B2
>>>>>>> oddjob-gpupdate =D1=83=D0=B5=D1=85=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2 =D1=81=
=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B8=D1=84.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> =D0=A1=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D1=
=80=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B8 =D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=B1=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=
=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=
=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B9=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=85 =D0=
=BC=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BC =D0=B8
>>>>>>> =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=B8=D0=BB=D1=81=D1=8F=
 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B9, =D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=B1=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B9 con=
trol-=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B4 system-policy, =D1=82=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BD=
=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=B2=D1=8F=D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B9
>>>>>>> =D1=81 =D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B5 =D1=81=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=
=B2=D1=83=D1=8E=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=BC control-=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=
=BE=D0=BC system-auth.
>>>>>> =D0=90 authconfig =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=80=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=B0=
=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B8? =D0=AF =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=87=D1=82=
=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BB control, =D0=
=B2 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BC
>>>>>> =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5-=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=
=D0=BF=D1=82=D1=8B =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=
=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=
=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B2 pam, =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=B5=
=D1=82=D0=B5 =D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=B2=D1=8B =D1=81 =D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC
>>>>>> =D0=BA authconfig - =D0=BA=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=
=B1=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=B5=D0=
=BC=D1=8B=D1=85 if..else?
>>>>> =D0=9F=D0=BE =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC=D1=83 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE=
=D0=B4=D1=83 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=B3=D0=B0=D1=8E =D0=BE=
=D0=B7=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=81=
 =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=88=D0=B8=
=D0=BC =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BC
>>>>> =D0=90=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BA=D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B4=D1=80=D0=B0 =D0=91=
=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=B8=D0=B7 Red Hat =D0=BD=D0=
=B0 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=BE=D1=81=D0=
=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C=D1=8E =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=
=86=D0=B8=D0=B8 =D0=B2
>>>>> =D0=9A=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=83=D0=B3=D0=B5 - http://0x1.tv/20190828D
>>>>>
>>>>> =D0=A6=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B0 =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D1=82=D0=B5=D0=B7=
=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2: "=D0=9A=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=
=BB=D1=8C=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82, =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BB=D0=B8 nss-pam=
-ldapd, pam_krb5,
>>>>> pam_pkcs11 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D1=83=D0=B1=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=
=8B =D0=B8=D0=B7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. =D0=A3=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8=
=D1=82=D0=B0
>>>>> =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D1=83=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=
=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F authconfig =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=B0 =D0=B7=D0=
=B0=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B0 authselect, =D0=B0 =D1=
=83=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5
>>>>> =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=
=BD=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B9=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=
=B9 =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D1=
=81=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4 =D1=83=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=84=D0=B8=D1=86=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=
=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=83=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=
=B9
>>>>> realm."
>>>>>
>>>>> =D0=A3 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=B2=D1=81=D1=91 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE=
=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B8 =D0=BD=
=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=8E=D1=81=D1=8C =D0=B2=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=BD=D0=B5=
 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B4=D1=91=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE. =D0=9D=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=
=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B8
>>>>> =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=B2=
=D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F. =D0=A5=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=8F authselect=
 =D1=8F =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=B1=D0=
=B8=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BB.
>>>> =D0=AF =D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=
=BE =D1=81=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BB =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=
=81=D1=8C =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=
=B4=D0=B0. =D0=92=D1=80=D1=8F=D0=B4 =D0=BB=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=
=D0=BF=D1=82=D1=8B - =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=
=BE
>>>> =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=81 =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8E =
=D1=81 =D0=B3=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=
=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=B2 authselect. authconfig =D0=B7=
=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B0
>>>> authselect, =D1=82.=D0=BA. authselect =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=BE=
=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B3=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=
=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=80=
=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5
>>>> =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=8B =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=
=B8=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D1=81 =D0=BC=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=
=8C=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D1=
=8F=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B0=D0=
=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B9
>>>> =D1=81=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D1=83=D1=8E=D1=89=D0=B8=D1=
=85 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA a=
uthconfig.
>>> =D0=92=D1=81=D1=91 =D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B8=
 =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=84=D0=B0=D0=
=B9=D0=BB=D1=8B =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA =D0=
=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B3=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=80=D1=83=D0=B5=D1=82. =D0=
=98=D1=85
>>> =D1=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=
=8E=D1=82 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=
=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=87=D1=91=D0=BC =D0=B2 =D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=
=BE =D0=BE=D0=B3=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=
=BC =D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B5. =D0=AF =D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=8E=
,
>>> =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B =D0=B8=D0=BD=
=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D1=82=D1=82=D0=B0=
=D0=BB=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BE=D1=82 =D0=B2=
=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=
=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F.
>>>
>>> =D0=9A=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B8 =D1=
=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=81 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=
=BE=D1=89=D1=8C=D1=8E authselect? =D0=9A=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=B8=D0=
=B7 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=85 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=87 =D0=BC=D1=8B =
=D0=BD=D0=B5
>>> =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5=D0=BC =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C, =
=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D1=83=D1=8F =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=88=
=D0=B8 =D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BA=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B0=
=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=B2 =D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=B5 =D1=80=D0=B0=
=D1=81=D1=88=D0=B8=D1=80=D1=8F=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8B=D1=85
>>> control system-auth =D0=B8 system-policy?
>>>
>> =D0=A1=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BF=D1=82=D1=8B =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B3=D1=83=D1=
=82 =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B1=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=
=B5 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=87, =D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B1=
=D0=BE=D1=80 =D0=B3=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=
=D0=B8=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=
=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2.
>>
>> =D0=9E=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=8F =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=
=B0=D1=87=D0=B0 authselect - =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=
=B5=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=
=B4=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=
=BE=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=B5
>> =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D1=83=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B8=
 =D0=B2=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5=D1=81=
=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B0 =D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2=
 =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B9, =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=
=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BA=
=D0=BE=D0=B9
>> =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=
=B8=D0=BF=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8. =D0=92 =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=
=B5 authselect, =D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B6=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=
=8F, =D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=B1=D0=BE=D0=
=BB=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5
>> =D1=86=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=
=D0=B8, =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC=D1=83 =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B4=D0=
=BB=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D1=
=84=D1=83=D0=BD=D0=BA=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B8 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=
=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=87=D0=B5=D0=
=B9-=D1=82=D0=BE
>> =D1=87=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD, =D0=
=B0 =D0=B2 =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=
=BF=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=
=B8=D0=BF=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=
=82=D1=8C =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8.
>>
>> =D0=9E=D0=B1=D0=B0 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=85=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D0=B8=D0=
=BC=D0=B5=D1=8E=D1=82 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=B6=D0=
=B8=D0=B7=D0=BD=D1=8C)
>>
> =D0=9F=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B5, =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=
=B4=D0=B0 =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B9 =
=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82. =D0=9C=D1=8B =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=
=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=
=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=BC =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8
> =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BF=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8. =D0=9F=D0=BE-=D0=
=BA=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B9=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5 =D0=B2 =D1=
=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=80=D1=82=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BA=D0=
=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D1=83=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D1=8F=D1=85. =D0=
=98=D0=B7 =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE
> =D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BD=D0=BE - =D1=
=8D=D1=82=D0=BE pam_mount. =D0=A2=D0=B0=D0=BA =D0=BE=D0=BD =D0=B8 =D1=83 =
=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=
=D0=B4=D1=83=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BD.
>
> =D0=92 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=BC =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=
=B5, =D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=
=B8=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=8B =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B5=D0=
=BA =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=
=8B =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=B8
> =D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=87=D0=B5=
=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B7 =D1=81=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=
=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D1=81=D1=81=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=BA=D0=B8. =D0=90 =D1=
=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=
=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8 =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=8B
> =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=
=B8 =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=80=D1=83=D0=
=BA=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8. =D0=A2=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=
=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8B, =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=8B=
=D0=B5 =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82
> authselect, =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B4 =D0=B7=D0=B0 authconfig, =D1=
=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=
=81=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=BE=D1=82=D1=81=D1=83=D1=82=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D1=83=D1=
=8E=D1=82.

=D0=9F=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BB =D0=B8=
=D1=81=D1=85=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B8 http://git.altlinux.org/=
tasks/240988

=D0=9E=D1=81=D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=B6=D0=B8=D0=BB =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BC=D1=8F=D1=82=
=D1=8C, =D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=
=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BC =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=8B=
, =D0=BD=D0=BE, =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=B0=D0=
=BB, =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=BC=D1=83=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BB /etc/c=
ontrol.d/facilities/pam_mktemp =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82=
=D0=B0 pam-config-control, =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=82 =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=
=B8=D0=BF=D1=82 =D0=B2 =D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B1 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=
=82 =D1=84=D0=B0=D0=B9=D0=BB=D1=8B. =D0=92 authselect =D0=B2=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=
=81=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=85 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=
=BE=D0=BA =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=
=B8=D0=B5 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B0 =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D1=88=D0=
=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0 =D1=81 =D0=BD=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=
=BC with-*.

=D0=9F=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F, =D1=81=D0=BE=
=D0=B2=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=89=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=B8 =D0=B3=D0=BE=
=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=84=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8=
, =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8B=D0=B5=
 =D1=81=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8, =D0=B8 =D0=
=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BF=D1=82=D0=
=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8.

> =D0=92=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8 =D1=
=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC, =D0=BE=D1=82=D1=81=D1=83=D1=82=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D1=
=83=D1=8E=D1=82 =D0=B8 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=
=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B8, =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=8B=D0=
=B5 =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=BD=D0=B5
> =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F. =D0=98 =D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=
=82 =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B9-=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81,=
 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7, =D0=BE=D0=B1 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=
=BC. =D0=90 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D1=87=
=D0=B8 =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82
> authselect?

=D0=9F=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=
=81=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=
=B9 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D1=83=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=
=B8 =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BA=D0=B0 PAM+nsswitch.conf, =D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B5=
=D1=81=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=
=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=B2=D0=B2=D0=
=BE=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D0=B2 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD. =D0=9F=D1=80=D0=B8=
 =D1=86=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=
=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B5=D0=BA PAM =D1=87=D0=B5=D1=
=80=D0=B5=D0=B7 =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D1=81=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=
=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D1=8F =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=
=BB=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B9 =D0=
=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B9 =D1=81=D0=BA=D1=
=80=D0=B8=D0=BF=D1=82, =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=8B=D0=B9 =D0=B1=D1=
=83=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=82 =D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BC =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=
=82=D1=8C =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8. =D0=AD=D1=82=D0=BE =
=D0=BF=D0=BB=D0=BE=D1=85=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=B9=
 =D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=B1=D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D1=8C=D1=8E, =D1=85=D0=BE=D1=80=
=D0=BE=D1=88=D0=BE =D0=B1=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=BF=D1=80=
=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D1=
=8C=D1=8E =D0=B8 =D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BF=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B5=D0=
=B9 =D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=
=80=D0=B0=D1=89=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B9 =D0=B2 =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=
=B1=D1=83 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B6=D0=BA=D0=B8.

=D0=9F=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BB alterator-auth, =D0=
=BE=D0=BD =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=82 nsswitch.conf =D0=B2 =D0=BB=
=D0=BE=D0=B1, authselect =D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=BD=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BD=
 =D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=80=
=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B6=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B5, =D0=
=BD=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=80, =D1=81 with-libnss-role (=D1=
=81=D0=BC. =D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B6=D0=B5) =D0=BE=D0=BD =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B8=
=D1=81=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82 =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE role =
=D0=B2 =D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=BA=D1=83 group, =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=
=BD=D0=B5 =D1=87=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=8F =D0=B3=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=
=80=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D1=88=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=
=BD=D0=B0. %post =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=
=B5=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2, =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=80, =
libnss-role, =D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82 =D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B6=D0=B5=
 =D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B5.

=D0=AF =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=
=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BC=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=
=D0=BB, =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D1=83=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=
=B5 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=
=B1=D1=83=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0 =D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=
=82=D1=8C authselect, =D1=81=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=B2 =D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=
=BE =D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=
=BC =D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BE=D0=BC =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=
=B2=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=B8 PAM, =D0=
=BD=D0=BE =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=
=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BE=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=
=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE.

> =D0=9D=D1=83, =D1=8F =D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=82, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B8=D0=BC=
=D0=B5=D1=8E =D0=B2 =D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=B4=D1=83. =D0=AF =D1=8D=D1=82=D1=83 =D1=
=88=D1=82=D1=83=D0=BA=D1=83 =D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=BB, =D1=81=D0=
=BE=D0=B1=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BB =D0=B8 "=D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=
=B0=D0=BB" 10-15 =D0=BC=D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=83=D1=82:
> https://github.com/pbrezina/authselect
>
> =D0=9E=D1=82=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=87=D1=83, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=8F =D1=81 =
=D1=85=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=83 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BB:
> - =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D1=88=D0=
=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=8B =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=B3=D0=
=BE=D0=B2 =D1=81=D0=BE =D0=B2=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=
=BE=D0=B9 =D0=B4=D0=B2=D1=83=D1=85=D1=84=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=
=BA=D0=BE=D0=B9 - =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BC
> =D0=B1=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=
=83=D0=B6=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5;
> - =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B6=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D1=81=D0=BA=D0=
=B0=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B0 =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=
=BA=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=86=D0=B5=D0=B2, =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=
=B6=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B7=D1=8C=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=
=82=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=BE;
> - =D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D1=83=D1=8E=D1=82 pam_oddj=
ob_mkhomedir.so =D0=BF=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=
=B8=D1=8E;
> - =D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82, =D1=87=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=
=B5=D0=B7 dconf, =D0=B0=D0=B2=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=
=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=
=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BA=D1=83 =D1=8D=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=B4=D0=
=BB=D1=8F
> =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B6=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B2 smartcard-authentication =D0=
=B8 fingerprint-authentication;
> - =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=BF=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BA=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B8 =D1=
=81=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=
=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82 nsswitch.=
conf (=D0=B0 =D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=82 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B5 =D0=
=B8=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE);
> - =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=
=8E=D1=82 authselect, =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D1=
=83=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82, =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=8B=D0=B9 =D0=
=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BA=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BC=D0=
=B5=D0=B6=D0=B4=D1=83
> =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=BC=D0=B8, =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=
=B7=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=
=B4=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C, =D0=B0 =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B6=D0=B5 =
=D1=81=D0=BE=D1=85=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B8
> =D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=B2=
=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C.
=D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=82 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D0=B0=
=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE - =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=85=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8F=D0=B5=D1=82=
 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D1=8B=D0=B4=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=BE=
=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=8F=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=
 =D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=
=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BA, =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=B5=D1=82=
 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BF=
=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=B2 =D1=82=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B2=
=D0=BE=D0=BC =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B6=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B5, =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=
=80=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=8F =D0=B8=D1=85
> with-ecryptfs::
>     Enable automatic per-user ecryptfs.
> with-fingerprint::
>     Enable authentication with fingerprint reader through *pam_fprintd*=
.
> with-pam-u2f::
>     Enable authentication via u2f dongle through *pam_u2f*.
> with-pam-u2f-2fa::
>     Enable 2nd factor authentication via u2f dongle through *pam_u2f*.

=D0=90 =D0=B5=D1=89=D0=B5:

- with-winbind-cache, with-krb5-cache: https://github.com/pbrezina/authse=
lect/pull/160

-with-libnss-role: https://github.com/pbrezina/authselect/pull/161

> [sin@base bin]$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=3D../lib ./authselect
> Usage:
> ./authselect COMMAND COMMAND-ARGS
>
> Available commands:
> - select                 Select profile
> - apply-changes          Regenerate configuration for currently selecte=
d command
> - list                   List available profiles
> - list-features          List available profile features
> - show                   Show profile information
> - requirements           Print profile requirements
> - current                Get identifier of currently selected profile
> - check                  Check if the current configuration is valid
> - test                   Print changes that would be otherwise written
> - enable-feature         Enable feature in currently selected profile
> - disable-feature        Disable feature in currently selected profile
> - create-profile         Create new authselect profile
>
> Backup commands:
> - backup-list            List available backups
> - backup-remove          Remove backup
> - backup-restore         Restore from backup
>
> Common options:
>   --debug                Print error messages
>   --trace                Print trace messages
>   --warn                 Print warning messages
>
> Help options:
>   -?, --help             Show this for a command
>   --usage                Show brief usage message for a command