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Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 17:36:30 +0300
From: Denis Medvedev <nbr@altlinux.org>
To: Arseny Maslennikov <arseny@altlinux.org>
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Cc: ALT Linux Team development discussions <devel@lists.altlinux.org>
Subject: Re: [devel] UID/GID pinning for packaged services
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On Mon, 20 Nov 2023 17:15:21 +0300
Arseny Maslennikov <arseny@altlinux.org> wrote:

> On Mon, Nov 20, 2023 at 03:25:54PM +0300, Alexey Shabalin wrote:
> > =D0=BF=D0=BD, 20 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=8F=D0=B1. 2023=E2=80=AF=D0=B3. =D0=B2 =
12:20, Anton Farygin <rider@basealt.ru>:
> > > On 20.11.2023 11:49, Arseny Maslennikov wrote:
> > > > On Thu, Nov 16, 2023 at 08:39:13AM +0300, Anton Farygin wrote:
> > > >> =D0=95=D1=81=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B5=D1=89=D1=91 =D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=D0=
=B0 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=B0 - =D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=BE=
=D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0=D0=B5=
=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=
=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5
> > > >> =D1=81=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=8B =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D1=80=D0=
=B0=D0=B7=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D1=83=D0=B7=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=85 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=
=BB=D0=B6=D0=BD=D1=8B =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=
=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4 =D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC UID/GID
> > > > =D0=AD=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=8B =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=
=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=
=83=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BC=D1=83 =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=84=D1=82=D1=83, =D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=
=B8 =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B8 =D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=89=D0=B8=D1=85 R/W =D0=A4=D0=
=A1 =D0=BD=D0=B0
> > > > =D0=BA=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80?
> > >
> > > =D0=9E=D0=B1=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=B5 R/W =D0=A4=D0=A1 =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=BA=
=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80, =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=85=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=
=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5/=D0=B2=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BE=
=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5 =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D0=B1=D1=8D=D0=BA=D0=B0=
=D0=BF=D0=B0,
> > > =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5 =
=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=D0=BE=
=D0=B3=D0=BE =D1=81=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B0 =D0=B2 =D0=B4=D1=80=
=D1=83=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D1=87=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B7 rsync.
> > >
> > > =D0=A1=D1=86=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B5=D0=B2 =D1=82=D0=BE=
=D1=87=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B1=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=
=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE. =D0=9A=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D1=81=D0=BE=D1=84=
=D1=82 =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=87=D0=B0=
=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F, =D0=BD=D0=BE
> > > =D0=B3=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B6=D0=B5.
>=20
> =D0=92=D1=81=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5=
 =D1=81=D1=86=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B8 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=80=
=D0=B0=D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=BA=D1=80=
=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B9=D0=BC=
=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=8B (=D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=85=
 =D1=83
> =D0=BB=D1=8E=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=B9), =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=8B=D0=
=B5 =D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=81=D0=B0=D1=
=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BC=D0=BD-=D0=B2=D0=B0 =D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=
=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=
=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B9.
>=20
> =D0=90 =D0=B5=D1=89=D1=91 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=
=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D1=81=D1=86=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=
=B8 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=81=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=89=D0=
=B8=D1=85 =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=83=D1=80=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2, =D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=
=B5 =D1=85=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8
> uid/gid =D0=B2 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B5 =D0=BC=D0=
=B5=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85, =D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=82=D1=
=83=D1=82 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D0=
=B0=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C.
>=20
> =D0=98=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8=
, =D0=B2=D1=81=D1=91 =D0=B5=D1=89=D1=91 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=
=B1=D1=83=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=85=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=
=BD=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=
=B5 =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B8
> =D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=82=D0=B0 =D0=B2 =D0=BC=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=B5, =D1=84=D0=
=B8=D0=BA=D1=81=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=
=B8 =D1=87=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BB=D0=B0 =D0=B2 _=D0=B3=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=B0=
=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=BC_ =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5.=
 =D0=9C=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE
> =D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=
=D0=B5 =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=BA=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=BD=
=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=86=D0=B8=
=D0=B9: =D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=BC=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=82=
=D0=BE=D1=80 =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BF=D0=B5
> =D1=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B2=
=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=82 =D0=B4=D0=BE =D1=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BE=
=D0=B2=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=BD=
=D0=B8=D0=B5: "=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B5=
 =D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=83 =D0=B8
> =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=8B =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=
=BE=D0=B1=D1=8B =D1=83=D0=B8=D0=B4/=D0=B3=D0=B8=D0=B4 =D1=83 =D1=81=D0=B5=
=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=B0 X =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB =D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=
=BD=D0=BE N". =D0=A2. =D0=B5. =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B6=D0=
=BA=D0=B0 =D0=B2
> =D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80-headless (=
=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=BD=D0=
=B5=D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=BD=D1=8B=
=D0=B9 =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80
> =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F?), =D0=BC=D0=
=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C, =D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=B6=D0=B5 =
=D0=B2 GUI =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=
=80=D0=B0.
>=20
> > > >
> > > >> =D0=A1=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=
=BD=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B2=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=82=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=
=B5=D1=85=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=BC=D0=B0 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=
=B4=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=
=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85
> > > >> =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=
=D0=B5=D0=B9.
> > > >>
> > > >> =D0=90 =D1=83 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B0 setup =D0=BE=D1=
=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=81=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=
=82=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=B9=D0=
=BD=D0=B5=D1=80=D1=8B.
> >=20
> > =D0=9D=D0=B0 =D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=BC =D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5, =
=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=81=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=BD=D1=
=8B=D0=B9 =D0=BC=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=B9=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=80 (ldv@) =D1=
=81=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=81=D0=B8=D0=BB=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=BE =D0=
=BC=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B9,
> > =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=
=82=D1=83=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B8, =D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B5 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BE=D0=
=B1=D1=85=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=BC =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=
=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B9 UID/GUI. =D0=98=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=B4=D0=B5=
=D0=BB=D0=B0=D0=BB
> > =D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=B4 =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE
>=20
> =D0=91=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82. =D0=92=D1=81=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=
=B8, =D1=81=D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=BE, =
=D1=81=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B4=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=BA =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC=
=D1=83, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE uid/gid
> =D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D1=83=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =
=D0=B4=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE, =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=
=8F=D0=B2=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D1=
=83=D0=BF =D0=BA nsswitch, =D0=B0 =D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B8
> =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5, =D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=
=8F=D0=B2=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F /etc (=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B5=D1=
=81=D1=82=D1=8C, =D0=B2 initramfs), =D0=B8 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=BF=D0=BE=
=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=8B, =D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B8
> =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D1=83=D1=8E=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=8F,=
 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=B4=
=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C =
=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BC =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BF=D0=B5 =D1=80=
=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=8B
> (=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=80=D1=82=D0=B0) =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=
=BC=D1=8B. =D0=90 =D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5 =
=E2=80=94 =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=D1=83 =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B4 =D1=83=D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=
=B4=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=
=BC=D0=B5=D1=80=D1=8B.
=D0=B2 pam =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=8B=D0=
=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BA=D0=BE =D1=87=D0=B8=D1=
=81=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=B7=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=
=B8=D1=8F =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =3D =D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8 >=3D
=D0=92 =D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B8, =D0=B4=D0=BB=
=D1=8F selinux =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=85=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=BE=D1=81=
=D1=8C =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=
=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=87=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B5 =D0=B7=D0=BD=
=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5
"90" =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D0=
=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=BC=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=
=B0=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B0 =D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=
=BE =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=
=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2
pam.
> =20
> > > >> =D0=91=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BB=D0=
=BE=D1=85=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=
=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=83=D1=8E-=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=81=D1=85=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=83 =D0=
=BF=D0=BE
> > > >> =D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8E/=D1=80=D0=
=B5=D0=B7=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B2=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8E=
 UID/GID =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=
=8B=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=BB=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B1.
> > > > =D0=AF =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=83=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BD, =D1=87=D1=
=82=D0=BE =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=
=BD=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B8 =D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B8=D1=82 =D0=B4=D0=
=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2 =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B8=D1=
=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B8.
>=20
> =D0=9A=D0=BB=D1=8E=D1=87=D0=B5=D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D1=83 =D0=BC=D0=
=B5=D0=BD=D1=8F =D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=8C =D1=8F=D0=B2=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=
=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0 "=D0=B2 =D1=80=D0=B5=
=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B8". :)
> =D0=AF =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B7=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B6=D0=B0=D1=8E =D0=
=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B2 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=
=B6=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D0=B3=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B4=D1=8F=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=BF=D1=
=80=D0=B8=D0=B1=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8B=D1=85 ugid =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA =D1=82=D0=
=B0=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B9,
> =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B5=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=
=D0=B5 =D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC, =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B5 =D0=B4=D0=
=BE=D0=BB=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=87=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=
=BB=D0=BE, =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D0=B1=
=D1=8F=D0=B7=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE
> =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=
=D0=BE, =D0=B2 =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=
=D0=B8; =D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=
=BB=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C, =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=
=B5=D1=80, =D0=B4=D0=BE =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=8B
> =D1=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B0.
> =D0=AF =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D1=83=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BD, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=
=BE =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B6=D0=B5=D0=
=BD =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=89=D0=B8=D0=BC =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=
=8F =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=D1=85 =D1=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=
=BE=D0=BA =D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D1=82=D0=B0 =D0=B2
> =D0=B2 =D0=BC=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=B5.
>=20
> > =D0=9C=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=81=D0=BA=D0=
=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BA=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=B3=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=83=D0=
=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=BC =D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=
=B5=D1=82. =D0=A2=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=8F =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=85=D0=
=BE=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D1=8C
> > =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=81=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=
=82=D0=B2=D1=83=D0=B5=D1=82.
> > =D0=95=D1=89=D0=B5 =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7, =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=
=D0=BC =D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B5 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=
=BE =D0=BD=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BD=
=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE.
> > =D0=98 =D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=B2 =
=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BE =D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=
=D1=82=D1=8B, =D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B5 useradd/groupadd =D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B7=D1=8B=
=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=8E=D1=82=D1=81=D1=8F =D1=81
> > =D1=83=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5=D0=BC UID/GUID.
> > =D0=9D=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=
=BC=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=
=BA=D1=83=D1=8E =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BA=D1=83 =D0=B8 =D0=
=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B4=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=
=B2=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B0.
> >=20
> > > > =D0=9D=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B5, =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=
=B4=D0=B5=D1=82 =D1=83=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B8 =D0=B4=D0=BE=D1=
=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=87=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=89=D0=
=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=83 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=
=B8=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B2
> > > > =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B3=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=BC=D1=83 sysusers[1],=
 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B2=D1=80=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=B2 =D0=B5=D1=91 =D0=B2=
 =D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=BE=D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=8F=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=
=D0=BD=D1=83=D1=8E.
> > > >
> > > > =D0=94=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B5 =E2=80=94 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B5=
=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B8 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82 static-ugids-setup, =D0=
=B3=D0=B4=D0=B5 =D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B8 =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=
=82=D1=80
> > > > =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=83=D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=
=B2 =D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=B5 =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D1=
=8B=D1=85 =D1=84=D0=B0=D0=B9=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B2-=D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=
=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B9. =D0=92=D0=BD=D1=83=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8 =D0=BE=D0=
=B4=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE
> > > > =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B0 =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=82=
 =D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B3=D1=87=D0=B5 =D1=81=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =
=D0=B7=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=B5=D1=87=D0=B5=
=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F=D0=BC=D0=B8, =D1=87=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=B6=D0=B4=
=D1=83
> > > > =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=
=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B8. =D0=9F=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B1=D0=B5=D0=B7=
 =D1=8F=D0=B2=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=B9=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=
=D0=B9=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B0 (@everybody), =D0=BD=D0=BE
> > > > =D1=81 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B9. =D0=
=9D=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=
=8F=D1=82=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D0=B8=D0=B7 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =
=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=
=D0=BD=D0=BE
> > > > =D0=B1=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B0=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B2=D1=8B=
=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=83=D0=B8=D0=B4=D1=8B =D1=82=D0=B0=
=D0=BA, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B1=D1=8B =D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=
=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=8B =D0=B2
> > > > =D1=81=D1=83=D1=89=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D1=83=D1=8E=D1=89=D0=B8=
=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=85, =D0=B8 =D1=85=D0=
=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=82 =D0=BB=D0=B8 =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=83=D0=
=B8=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BC =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=
=BC
> > > > =D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=BC =D1=81=D0=BB=
=D1=83=D0=B6=D0=B1=D0=B0=D0=BC =D0=B2 =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B8=
=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B8. =D0=94=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BA=D1=82=D0=B8=
=D0=B2=D0=B0 DynamicUser=3D =D0=B2
> > > > systemd =D1=81=D0=B5=D0=B1=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=85=D0=B2=D0=
=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BA=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D1=
=8B=D0=B9 =D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=BA =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=
=BB=D0=B5
> > > > [UG]ID_MAX-=D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B9=D0=BA=D0=B8 =
=D0=B2 /etc/login.defs.
> >=20
> > 61184=E2=80=A665519 - UIDs for dynamic users
> > =D0=9E=D0=BD=D0=B8 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=
=B0=D1=8E=D1=82 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=B4 =D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=B3=D0=BE=D1=
=80=D0=B8=D1=8E =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=
=B8=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=
=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B9.
> > =D0=94=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B9=D1=82=D0=B5 =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=83=D0=
=B4=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=82=D1=83=D1=82 =D1=80=D0=B0=D1=81=D1=81=D0=
=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C.
> >=20
> > =D0=A1=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=81=
=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=
=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=B4=D0=BE 1000, =D1=80=
=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=D0=B8 =D0=B4=D0=BE 500.
> > useradd/groupadd =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=87=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=
=B2=D1=8B=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=
=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=8B=D0=BC =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=
=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=BC uid/gui =D1=81
> > =D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=86=D0=B0 =D0=B2 =D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=
=BD=D1=83 =D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8C=D1=88=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F (=D1=
=81=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=81 999, =D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8C=D1=
=88=D0=B5 =D1=81 499).
> > =D0=9C=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=
=BB=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C, =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D1=81=
=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=80=D1=8B=D1=85 =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=B0=
=D1=85 =D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=BD =D0=BE=D1=82 400-499
> > =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=8F=D1=82 =D0=B8 500-599 =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5,=
 =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D1=8B=D1=85 900-999 =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=
=8F=D1=82.
> > =D0=94=D1=83=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=8E, =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=
=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=85 uid/gui =D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=B0=
=D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=BD 100-400 =D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=B8 600-900
> > =D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BD=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=
=BE =D0=B1=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B0=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BD. =D0=9A=D0=BE=D0=
=BD=D0=B5=D1=87=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B5 =D0=BD=D0=B0 =D0=B2=D1=81=D0=B5 10=
0%.
> >=20
> >=20
> > > >
> > > > [1] man 5 sysusers.d
> > >
> > > =D0=94=D0=B0, =D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=B2=
=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B0=D0=B5=D1=82 =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B5 =
=D0=BC=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE. =D0=9E=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=82=D1=8B =D0=BD=
=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=85 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=BE
> > > =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8B=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=
=82=D1=8C, =D0=B0 sysusers =D0=B2=D1=8B=D0=B3=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=82=
 =D0=B8=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B9 =D0=B8=D0=B4=
=D0=B5=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F
> > > =D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B0=D0=BB=D0=B8=D0=B7=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B8 =D0=BF=
=D0=BE=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=82=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B8 =D1=83=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=
=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=
=D1=8B=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=
=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8F=D0=BC=D0=B8.
> > >
> > > =D0=9A=D0=BE=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C =D0=B7=D0=B0 =D1=81=
=D0=BE=D0=B1=D0=BB=D1=8E=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=B2 =D0=BF=
=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=85 =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=BF=
=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BD=D0=B0
> > > sisyphus_check, =D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=80.
> >=20
> > =D0=94=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B9=D1=82=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=
=B8=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BC =D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82=D1=8B =D1=
=83=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=82=D0=B0 =D0=B8 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=B8=D0=BB=D0=
=B0 =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=
=B8=D1=85
> > =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=85 UID/=
GID.
> > - =D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=BA=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B0 w=
iki =D1=81 =D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BB=D0=B8=D1=86=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D1=81=D1=82=D0=
=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8=D1=85 UID/GID. =D0=AD=D1=82=
=D0=BE=D1=82 =D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=80=D0=B8=D0=B0=D0=BD=D1=82
> > =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE =D1=81=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D1=83 =D0=BE=D1=
=82=D0=B2=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B3=D0=BD=D1=83=D1=82=D1=8C. =D0=95=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=
=BD=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BE =D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=
=BD=D0=B8=D1=86=D1=83 =D1=81=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=BC=D0=
=BE=D0=B6=D0=BD=D0=BE, =D0=BD=D0=BE
> > =D0=BF=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC =D0=B1=D0=B5=D0=B7 =D0=B0=D0=B2=D1=82=D0=
=BE=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=BE =D0=
=BE=D0=B1=D0=BD=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D0=BE=D0=BD=D0=
=B0 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=81=D1=82=D1=80=D0=BE =D0=BF=D0=B5=D1=80=D0=B5=D1=81=D1=
=82=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D1=82=D1=8C
> > =D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=82=D1=83=D0=B0=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=BD=D0=BE.
> > - =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=B5=D1=82 static-ugids-setup. =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=
=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D1=8E =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=B8=
=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BA=D1=83=D1=87=D0=B0 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=83=
=D0=B6=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85
> > =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=
=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D0=B8 =D0=
=B3=D1=80=D1=83=D0=BF=D0=BF, =D0=B5=D1=89=D0=B5 =D0=B8 =D1=81 =D0=B4=D0=BE=
=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=88=D0=BD=D0=B8=D0=BC=D0=B8 =D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=BA=
=D1=82=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=B8=D1=8F=D0=BC=D0=B8.
> > - =D1=83 =D0=BC=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=8F =D0=B5=D1=89=D0=B5 =D0=B1=D1=8B=D0=BB=
=D0=B0 =D0=B8=D0=B4=D0=B5=D1=8F =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B9=D0=B4=
=D0=B8=D1=82=D1=8C =D0=B2 rpm =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE-=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=B8=
=D0=BF=D0=B0 sysusers(uid) =3D
> > 300 =D0=B8 sysusers(gid) =3D 300 =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=
=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=
=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B9, =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=D0=B4=D0=B0=
=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B5=D0=BC=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=B2
> > %pre. =D0=A2=D0=BE=D0=B3=D0=B4=D0=B0 =D1=81=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=80=D0=BE=D1=
=87=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=86=D0=B0 =D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BC=D0=B0 =D0=BE=D1=82=D1=81=D0=
=BB=D0=B5=D0=B4=D0=B8=D1=82 =D0=BE=D0=B4=D0=B8=D0=BD=D0=B0=D0=BA=D0=BE=D0=
=B2=D1=8B=D0=B5 =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D0=B9=D0=B4=D1=8B =D0=B8 =D0=
=BD=D0=B5
> > =D0=BF=D1=80=D0=BE=D0=BF=D1=83=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=82 =D0=BF=D0=B0=D0=
=BA=D0=B5=D1=82.
> > - =D1=83 =D0=BD=D0=B0=D1=81 =D0=BD=D0=B5=D1=82 =D0=BC=D0=B0=D0=BA=D1=80=
=D0=BE=D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B2 =D0=B4=D0=BB=D1=8F useradd =D0=B8 groupadd, =D1=81=
=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=87=D0=B0=D1=81 =D1=87=D1=82=D0=BE =D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=
=D0=BA=D0=BE =D0=BD=D0=B5
> > =D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=88=D1=83=D1=82 =D0=B2 %pre. =D0=94=D0=BB=D1=8F =D1=83=
=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=84=D0=B8=D0=BA=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D0=B8 =D1=81=D0=BE=D0=B7=
=D0=B4=D0=B0=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8F =D1=81=D0=B8=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=BD=
=D1=8B=D1=85 =D0=BF=D0=BE=D0=BB=D1=8C=D0=B7=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B5=
=D0=BB=D0=B5=D0=B9 =D1=81=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=B8=D1=82
> > =D0=B7=D0=B0=D0=B4=D0=B5=D0=B9=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B2=D0=BE=D0=B2=D0=B0=D1=
=82=D1=8C sysusers (=D0=BE=D1=82=D1=80=D0=B0=D0=B1=D0=BE=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B5=
=D1=82 =D0=B8 =D0=B2 systemd, =D0=B8 =D0=B2 sysv). =D0=95=D1=81=D0=BB=D0=B8=
 =D0=B2
> > =D1=8D=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=85 =D1=84=D0=B0=D0=B9=D0=BB=D0=B0=D1=85 =D0=BF=D1=
=80=D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BD =D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=
=87=D0=B5=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8=D0=B9 UID/GID =D1=82=D0=BE =D0=BC=D0=BE=D0=B6=
=D0=BD=D0=BE =D0=B0=D0=B2=D1=82=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=82=D0=B8=D1=87=D0=B5=
=D1=81=D0=BA=D0=B8
> > =D0=B2=D1=8B=D1=81=D1=82=D0=B0=D0=B2=D0=BB=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=8C Provides: =
sysusers(uid) =3D $UID =D0=B8 =D1=82.=D0=BF.