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=F0=C9=DB=D5 =D7 =CC=CD=D3=D4, =C1 =CE=C5 =D7 =C2=C1=C7=DA=C9=CC=CC=D5 =D0=
=CF =D0=D2=C9=DE=C9=CE=C5 =CF=D4=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=C9=D1 =C9=CE=C5=D4=C1 =
(=C9=20
offline-=CB=CC=C9=C5=CE=D4=C1 =CB =C2=C1=C7=DA=C9=CC=CC=C5), =C9 =D4=C1=CB=
 =CB=C1=CB =CE=C5=CB. =CD=CF=CD=C5=CE=D4=D9 IMHO =D3=D4=CF=C9=CC=CF =C2=D9=
=20
=CF=D3=D5=C4=C9=D4=D8 =CB=CF=CC=CC=C5=CB=D4=C9=D7=CE=D9=CD =D2=C1=DA=D5=CD=
=CF=CD.


man-pages-ru-0.98-alt3


man sudoers 2> :

<standard input>:17: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:19: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:20: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:24: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:133: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:137: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:188: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:247: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:247: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:247: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:248: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:258: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:258: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:258: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:258: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:271: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:307: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:350: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:469: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:469: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:492: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:528: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:529: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:529: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:531: missing closing delimiter
<standard input>:532: missing closing delimiter

=F7=C9=C4=C9=CD=CF, =DE=D4=CF-=D4=CF =D3 =D2=C1=DA=CD=C5=D4=CB=CF=CA.
=F4=C5=D0=C5=D2=D8 =CB=C1=D3=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C1=
 - =C2=D5=C4=D5 =D0=D2=C9=D7=CF=C4=C9=D4=D8 =C3=C9=D4=C1=D4=D5, =D0=CF=D4=
=CF=CD=D5 =D7=CF=DA=CD=CF=D6=CE=CF=20
=C3=C9=D4=C1=D4=D5 =C9=DA =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C1, =D0=CF=D4=CF=CD =D3=
=D7=CF=C9 =CB=CF=CD=CD=C5=CE=D4=C1=D2=C9=C9=C9 =C9=CC=C9 =D3=D7=CF=CA =D7=
=C1=D2=C9=C1=CE=D4 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C1.

~~~~~~~~
Section: ALT Linux Team (5)
~~~~~~~~
Section: MAINTENANCE COMMANDS (5)
~~~~~~~~
   =EE=C5 =DA=CE=C1=C0, =CF=D4 =CB=CF=C7=CF =DC=D4=CF =DA=C1=D7=C9=D3=C9=D4=
, =CE=CF =DE=D4=CF-=D4=CF =D4=D5=D4 =CE=C5 =D4=C1=CB ;)
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~
    User ::=3D '!'* username | '!'* '%'group | '!'* '+'netgroup |  '!'*=20
User_Alias

    User_List  =D3=CF=D3=D4=CF=C9=D4 =C9=DA =CF=C4=CE=CF=C7=CF, =C9=CC=C9=
 =C2=CF=CC=C5=C5, =C9=CD=C5=CE=C9 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 (u=
sername),
    =C9=C4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=D4=CF=D2=C1 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=
=C5=CC=D1 (uid), =CE=C1=DE=C9=CE=C1=C0=DD=C5=C7=CF=D3=D1 =D3=CF =DA=CE=C1=
=CB=C1 #', c=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=CE=CF=CA
    =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=D9  (group),  =CE=C1=DE=C9=CE=C1=C0=DD=C5=CA=D3=D1 =D3=
=CF =DA=CE=C1=CB=C1 %'), =D3=C5=D4=C5=D7=CF=CA =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=D9 (netgro=
up),
    =CE=C1=DE=C9=CE=C1=C0=DD=C5=CA=D3=D1 =D3=CF =DA=CE=C1=CB=C1 +', =C9  =
=C4=D2=D5=C7=C9=C8  =D0=D3=C5=D7=C4=CF=CE=C9=CD=CF=D7  (User_Alias).  =EB=
=C1=D6=C4=D9=CA
~~~~~~~~~~
1) =D7 EBNF =D0=D2=CF=D0=D5=DD=C5=CE  >>'!'* '#'uid<<  ???  (=F5=D0=D3! =D7=
 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5 =D3=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=CF, =DE=D4=CF=20
UID'=D9 =C2=D9=D7=C1=C0=D4 =D7 RunAs_List, =CE=CF =CE=C5 =D7 User_List)
2) =CE=C5=D4 =CF=D4=CB=D2=D9=D7=C1=C0=DD=C5=C7=CF =C1=D0=CF=D3=D4=D2=CF=C6=
=C1 =D5 >>#'<<, >>%'<<, >>+'<<
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~
    =EB=D2=C1=D4=CB=CF=C5 =D2=D5=CB=CF=D7=CF=C4=D3=D4=D7=CF =D0=CF -1EBNF=

        -1EBNF =DC=D4=CF =CB=D2=C1=D4=CB=C9=CA =C9 =D4=CF=DE=CE=D9=CA =D3=
=D0=CF=D3=CF=C2 =CF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=C9=D1 =C7=D2=C1=CD=CD=C1=D4=C9=CB=C9 =D1=
=DA=D9=CB=C1.=20
=EB=C1=D6=C4=CF=C5 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=C9=C5 -1EBNF =D0=D2=CF=C9=D3=
=C8=CF=C4=C9=D4 =C9=DA =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5=C4=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF=D3=D4=
=C9 =D0=D2=C1=D7=C9=CC.
~~~~~~~~~~
=FC=D4=CF =D0=CF =D7=C5p=D3=C9=C9 konqueror.
=F0=CF =D7=C5=D2=D3=C9=C9 man - =D7=C5=DA=C4=C5 =D0=D2=CF=D3=D4=CF "BNF".=

=F2=C5=DA=C0=CD=C5 - =D2=C1=DA=CD=C5=D4=CB=C1? =EB=CF=C4=C9=D2=CF=D7=CB=C1=
?
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~~~~~~~~
=CF=C4=C9=CE=C1=D2=CE=D9=C5 ('') =CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=CB=C9
~~~~~~~~~~~~
  =F1 =C2=D9 =D5=C2=D2=C1=CC =D3=CC=CF=D7=CF "=CF=C4=C9=CE=C1=D2=CE=D9=C5=
", =DE=D4=CF=C2=D9 =CE=C5 =D3=CD=D5=DD=C1=CC=CF. =F0=CF =CB=D2=C1=CA=CE=C5=
=CA =CD=C5=D2=C5, =CB=C1=CB =D7=20
=CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5, =D0=CF=D3=D4=C1=D7=C9=CC =C2=D9 =D3=CB=CF=C2=
=CB=C9 =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5 =D3=CC=CF=D7=C1 "=CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=CB=C9"
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
=EF=D4=D2=C9=C3=C1=C0=DD=C5=C5   =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5   =CF=D0=C5=D2=C1=
=D4=CF=D2=C1   !   =CF=D4=D2=C9=C3=C1=C5=D4   =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5   =
=DC=CC=C5=CD=C5=CE=D4=C1;
        =D0=CF=CC=CF=D6=C9=D4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF=C5 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =
=D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =CF=D4=CD=C5=CE=D1=C5=D4 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =C4=D2=
=D5=C7=CF=C7=CF.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
An odd number of '!' operators negate the value of the item; an even=20
number just cancel each other out.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
=F1 =C2=D9 =D3=CB=C1=DA=C1=CC =D4=C1=CB: 1 =C9=CC=C9 =C4=D2=D5=C7=CF=C5 =CE=
=C5=DE=A3=D4=CE=CF=C5 =CB=CF=CC=C9=DE=C5=D3=D4=D7=CF =CF=D0=C5=D2=C1=D4=CF=
=D2=CF=D7 "!"=20
=CF=D4=D7=C5=D2=C7=C1=C0=D4 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =DC=CC=C5=CD=C5=CE=D4=
=C1. =E5=D3=CC=C9 =D6=C5 =DC=D4=C9=C8 =CF=D0=C5=D2=C1=D4=CF=D2=CF=D7 =DE=A3=
=D4=CE=CF=C5 =DE=C9=D3=CC=CF - =CF=CE=C9=20
=D0=D2=CF=D3=D4=CF =CF=D4=CD=C5=CE=D1=C0=D4 =C4=D2=D5=C7 =C4=D2=D5=C7=C1.=

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



~~~~~~~~~~~~
Runas_List  =C1=CE=C1=CC=CF=C7=C9=DE=C5=CE User_List, =DA=C1 =C9=D3=CB=CC=
=C0=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5=CD =D4=CF=C7=CF, =DE=D4=CF =C8=CF=D4=D8 =D7 =CE=A3=CD =
=C9
        =D0=D2=C9=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C0=D4 =C9=C4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=
=D4=CF=D2=D9 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CA uid  (=CE=C1=DE=C9=CE=
=C1=C0=DD=C9=C5=D3=D1  =D3=CF=20
  =DA=CE=C1=CB=C1
        '#'), =CF=C4=CE=C1=CB=CF =D7=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF User_Alias =CF=CE =D3=
=CF=C4=C5=D2=D6=C9=D4 Runas_Alias
~~~~~~~~~~~~
A Runas_List
   is similar to a User_List
   except that it can also contain uids (prefixed with '#') and instead=20
of User_Alias
  es it can contain Runas_Alias
  es.
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Runas_List  =C1=CE=C1=CC=CF=C7=C9=DE=C5=CE User_List, =DA=C1 =C9=D3=CB=CC=
=C0=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5=CD =D4=CF=C7=CF, =DE=D4=CF =D7 =CE=A3=CD =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4=
=20
=D0=D2=C9=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8
   =CE=CF=CD=C5=D2=C1 =DA=C1=D2=C5=C7=C9=D3=D4=D2=C9=D2=CF=D7=C1=CE=CE=D9=
=C8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CA (uid - User ID, =D0=C5=D2=C5=C4=
 =CE=CF=CD=C5=D2=CF=CD=20
=C4=CF=CC=D6=C5=CE =D3=D4=CF=D1=D4=D8
   =DA=CE=C1=CB '#'), =C9 =D4=CF=C7=CF, =DE=D4=CF =D7=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF User=
_Alias'=CF=D7 =CF=CE =D3=CF=C4=C5=D2=D6=C9=D4 Runas_Alias'=D9
~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~
=C9=CD=C5=CE =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE (hostname), -1IP =C1=C4=D2=C5=D3=CF=D7 .... =
=C9=CC=C9 =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C9=C5=CD -1CIDR
~~~~~~~~
  =F4=CF =D6=C5, =DE=D4=CF =D3 EBNF =D7 =CE=C1=DE=C1=CC=C5 ;)

  =EB=D3=D4=C1=D4=C9, =CB=C1=CB=CF=CA =D5 =CE=C1=D3 =CB=C1=CE=CF=CE=C9=DE=
=C5=D3=CB=C9=CA =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4 UID, HOSTNAME =C9 =D0=D2=CF=DE=C9=C8=
=20
=D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=CF=D7? =FE=D4=CF=C2=D9 =CE=C5 =D0=CF=CC=D5=DE=C9=CC=CF=
=D3=D8 "=CD=D9 =D7=D3=C5 - =C8=CF=C2=C2=C9=D4=D9, =CE=CF =C9=DA =D2=C1=DA=
=CE=D9=C8 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=CF=D7" :-)
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~~
(=D4.=C5. 255.255.255.0)  ...  (=DE=C9=D3=CC=CF=CD =C2=C9=D4, =D4.=C5. 24=
)
~~~~~~~~~~~
=D7=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF "=D4.=C5." - "=CE=C1=D0=D2." (=D7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=
=CC=C5 "e.g.") - =C9=CE=C1=DE=C5 =D7=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF =D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=D2=C1=
,=20
=D0=CF=CC=D5=DE=C1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =D0=D2=C9=CB=C1=DA =D7=D7=CF=C4=C9=D4=D8 =D4=
=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =D4=C1=CB :-)
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~~
=D7 =D3=D4=C9=CC=C5 =C9=CE=D4=C5=D2=D0=D2=C5=D4=C1=D4=CF=D2=C1 =CB=CF=CD=C1=
=CE=C4
~~~~~~~~~~~
shell-style
~~~~~~~~~~~
=F7 =D3=D4=C9=CC=C5 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9  (IMHO=
 =CB=CF=CD. =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C1 - =D5=D3=D4=CF=CA=DE=C9=D7=CF=C5 =D7=D9=D2=
=C1=D6=C5=CE=C9=C5, =C1=20
"=C9=CE=D4=C5=D2=D0=D2=C5=D4=C1=D4=CF=D2 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4" - =CE=C5=D4.=
 =E2=C5=DA =CB=CF=CE=D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=C1 (=D5=D6=C5 =C7=CF=D4=CF=D7=CF=CA =D0=
=D2=C9=D7=D9=DE=CB=C9=20
=C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 wildcards, =D0=D2=C9=DE=C5=CD =C9=CD=
=C5=CE=CE=CF =D7 =CB=CF=CD-=D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C5) - =C6=C9=C7 =CF=CE =D0=CF=CA=
=CD=C5=D4=20
=CB=CF=CE=D4=C5=CB=D3=D4.

=F4=CF =D6=C5 =CE=C9=D6=C5 =D0=CF =D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=D5.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~
=CE=CF =C5=D3=CC=C9 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=C1 hostname =CE=C1 =D7=C1=DB=C5=CA=
 =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=C5 =D7=CF=DA=D7=D2=C1=DD=C1=C5=D4 =D0=CF=CC=CE=CF=C5 =C9=
=CD=D1 =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=D9,=20
=D4=CF =C4=CC=D1 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CE=C9=D1 =CD=C1=D3=CB=C9 =
=D7=D9 =C4=CF=CC=D6=CE=D9 =C2=D5=C4=C5=D4=C5 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=D8 =CF=D0=C3=C9=C0 fqdn.
~~~~~~
but unless the hostname
   command on your machine returns the fully qualified hostname, you'll=20
need to use the fqdn option for wildcards to be useful.
~~~~~~
AS: =D1 =CE=C5 =D0=CF=CE=D1=CC, =DE=D4=CF =CF=DA=CE=C1=DE=C1=C5=D4 "fqdn =
option" =D7 =C4=C1=CE=CE=CF=CD =CB=CF=CE=D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=C5. =FA=CE=C1=DE=C9=
=D4=20
=CC=C9, =DE=D4=CF =D1 =C7=C4=C5-=D4=CF =C4=CF=CC=D6=C5=CE =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=
=C9=D4=D8 fqdn ? =E9=CC=C9 "option" =CF=DA=CE=C1=DE=C1=C5=D4 "=F7=C1=D2=C9=
=C1=CE=D4,=20
=D7=D9=C2=CF=D2", =D4.=C5. =D1 =D0=D2=CF=D3=D4=CF =C4=CF=CC=D6=C5=CE =D0=CF=
=CC=CE=CF=D3=D4=D8=C0 =DA=C1=C4=C1=D4=D8 =C9=CD=D1 =CB=CF=CD=D0=C1 =D7 su=
doers ?

  ,=CE=CF =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=C1 =CF=D4 =D0=CF=C4=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CF=CB =C2=
=D5=C4=C5=D4 =D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =C5=D3=CC=C9 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=C1 hostna=
me =CE=C1 =D7=C1=DB=C5=CD=20
=CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=C5 =D7=CF=DA=D7=D2=C1=DD=C1=C5=D4 =D0=CF=CC=CE=
=CF=C5 =C9=CD=D1 =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=D9, =CC=C9=C2=CF =C5=D3=CC=C9 =D7=D9 =CE=
=C1=D0=C9=DB=C5=D4=C5 =C1=C4=D2=C5=D3 =D7=20
=D2=C1=DA=D7=C5=D2=CE=D5=D4=CF=CD =D7=C9=C4=C5. (fqdn)

PS: =CE=C9=D6=C5 =D4=C1=CB=C9 =CE=C1=DB=C5=CC =CF=D0=C3=C9=C0 fqdn. =F3=D4=
=C1=CC=CF =C2=D9=D4=D8, =C2=D9=CC =CE=C5 =D0=D2=C1=D7. =F4=CF=C7=C4=C1, =DE=
=D4=CF=C2=D9=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 =CE=C5 =D0=C1=D2=C9=CC=D3=D1, =CE=C1=
=C4=CF =C5=C7=CF =D3=D2=C1=DA=D5 =CF=D4=D3=D9=CC=C1=D4=D8 =D7=CE=C9=DA.
=2E..., =CC=C9=C2=CF =D7=D9 =D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=C9=CC=C9 =C6=CC=C1=C7 f=
qdn (=D3=CD. =D3=C5=CB=C3=C9=C0 "=FA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 =D0=CF =D5=CD=CF=
=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0").
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~~~~~~~
=C4=CC=D1 =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C9=D1, =DE=D4=CF =DC=D4=C1 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=
=C1 =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=C5=CE=C1 =C2=C5=DA =D0=
=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=CF=D7=20
=CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9
~~~~~~~~~~~
=2E..may only be run without....
~~~~~~~~~~~
=C4=CC=D1 =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C9=D1, =DE=D4=CF =DC=D4=D5 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=
=D5 =D2=C1=DA=D2=C5=DB=C5=CE=CF =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=D4=D8 =D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=
=CF =C2=C5=DA =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=CF=D7=20
=CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~~~~~~~
=EB=C1=D4=C1=CC=CF=C7, =DC=D4=CF =D0=CF=CC=CE=CF=C5 =C9=CD=D1 =C9=CD=D1 =D0=
=D5=D4=C9, =DA=C1=CB=C1=CE=DE=C9=D7=C1=C0=DD=C5=C5=D3=D1 =D3 /.
=2E...
=E5=D3=CC=C9 =D7=D9 =D5=CB=C1=D6=C9=D4=C5 =CB=C1=D4=C1=CC=CF=C7....=D7 =D0=
=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C1=C8 =D4=CF=C7=CF =CB=C1=D4=C1=CC=CF=C7=C1...
~~~~~~~~~~~
=2E..
~~~~~~~~~~~
directory - =DC=D4=CF =D0=CF=CC=CE=D9=CA =D0=D5=D4=D8 =CB =CB=C1=D4=C1=CC=
=CF=C7=D5, =CF=CB=C1=CE=DE=C9=D7=C1=C0=DD=C9=CA=D3=D1 =CE=C1 "/"
=2E..
=D5=CB=C1=D6=E5=D4=C5, =FC=D4=CF=C7=CF

PS: =D3=D4=CF=C9=D4 =CC=C9 =C7=CF=D7=CF=D2=C9=D4=D8 "=CB=C1=D4=C1=CC=CF=C7=
" ? =F7=CF=DA=CD=CF=D6=CE=CF =C8=CF=D2=CF=DB=CF, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =C2=D9 =DC=D4=
=CF=D4 =D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=20
=D0=D2=C9=D6=C9=CC=D3=D1, =CE=CF...
=F7=D3=C5=C7=C4=C1, =D0=CF=CD=CE=C0, =C7=CF=D7=CF=D2=C9=CC "=C4=C9=D2=C5=CB=
=D4=CF=D2=C9=D1", =C1 =D4=C5=D0=C5=D2=D8, =D5=D3=C9=CC=C9=D1=CD=C9 Micros=
oft,=20
=D7=D7=CF=C4=C9=D4=D3=D1 =D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE "=D0=C1=D0=CB=C1" - =C9, IMHO=
, =CE=C5=D0=CC=CF=C8=CF=CA =D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE. =F0=CF =CB=D2=C1=CA=CE=C5=CA=
 =CD=C5=D2=C5 =C9=20
Nautilus, =C9 Konqueror =C5=C7=CF =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=D5=C0=D4.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~~
=E5=D3=CC=C9 Cmnd =C9=CD=C5=C5=D4 =C1=D3=D3=CF=C3=C9=C9=D2=CF=D7=C1=CE=CE=
=D9=C5 =C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=D9 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=
=CB=C9, =D4=CF=20
=C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=D9, =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=CE=D9=C5 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=
=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CD =D7 Cmnd, =C4=CF=CC=D6=CE=D9 =D4=CF=DE=CE=CF =D3=CF=
=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8=20
=C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=C1=CD =D7 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=
=CB=C5 (=C9=CC=C9 =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 =D3=C9=CD=
=D7=CF=CC=C1=CD =D0=CF=C4=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CB=C9,=20
=C5=D3=CC=C9 =D4=C1=CB=CF=D7=D9=C5 =C9=CD=C5=C0=D4=D3=D1). =EF=C2=D2=C1=D4=
=C9=D4=C5 =D7=CE=C9=CD=C1=CE=C9=C5, =DE=D4=CF =D3=CC=C5=C4=D5=C0=DD=C9=C5=
 =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=D9 =C4=CF=CC=D6=CE=D9=20
=CE=C1=DE=C9=CE=C1=D4=D8=D3=D1 =D3 \, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =CF=CE=C9 =C9=D3=D0=CF=
=CC=D8=DA=D5=C0=D4=D3=D1 =D7 =C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=C1=C8 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=
=C4: ,, :, =3D, \.
~~~~~~~~~~~
If a Cmnd
   has associated command line arguments, then the arguments in the Cmnd
   must match exactly those given by the user on the command line (or=20
match the wildcards if there are any). Note that the following=20
characters must be escaped with a '\' if they are used in command=20
arguments: ',', ':', '=3D', '\'.
~~~~~~~~~~~
AS: =D7=D9=DB=C5 =C2=D9=CC=C9 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=D9 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=
=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9, =C1 =D4=D5=D4 - =C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=
=D9. =ED=CE=C5=20
"=C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=D9" =D4=CF=D6=C5 =C2=CF=CC=D8=DB=C5 =CE=D2=C1=D7=
=D1=D4=D3=D1, =CE=CF =C4=CC=D1 =C5=C4=C9=CE=CF=CF=C2=D2=C1=DA=C9=D1, =C2=D5=
=C4=D5 =D0=D2=CF=C4=CF=CC=D6=C1=D4=D8=20
"=D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=D9".

=E5=D3=CC=C9 =D7 Cmnd =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=D9 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=D9 =CB=
=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9, =D4=CF =DC=D4=C9 =D0=C1=D2=C1=
=CD=C5=D4=D2=D9 =C4=CF=CC=D6=CE=D9=20
=D7 =D4=CF=DE=CE=CF=D3=D4=C9 (=D3 =D5=DE=C5=D4=CF=CD =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=CF=
=D7 =D0=CF=C4=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CB=C9) =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=CF=D7=
=C1=D4=D8 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=C1=CD,=20
=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 =D5=CB=C1=D6=C5=
=D4 =D7 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C5. =F0=D2=C9=DE=A3=CD=
, =DE=D4=CF=C2=D9=20
=C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 =D7 =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=CE=D9=C8 =D7 =
Cmnd =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=C1=C8 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=
=CF=CB=C9 =D4=C1=CB=C9=C5=20
=D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=D9, =CB=C1=CB ',', ':', '=3D', '\', =D0=C5=D2=C5=C4 =CE=
=C9=CD=C9 =CE=D5=D6=CE=CF =C4=CF=D0=CF=CC=CE=C9=D4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF=20
=D0=CF=D3=D4=C1=D7=C9=D4=D8 '\'

PS: =D7=D2=CF=C4=C5 =CE=C5=D4 =CF=C2=DD=C5=D5=D0=CF=D4=D2=C5=C2=C9=D4=C5=CC=
=D8=CE=CF=C7=CF =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C1 to escape? =F0=C5=D2=C5=D7=C5=D3=
=D4=C9 =C2=D9, =CB=C1=CB=20
"=D0=D2=C5=C4=D7=C1=D2=D1=D4=D8" =C9=CC=C9 "=CF=C2=D2=C1=CD=CC=D1=D4=D8" =
(=D2=C5=C4=CB=C9=C5 =D3=CC=CF=D7=C1, =C9=C8 =CE=C5 =D3=D0=D5=D4=C1=C5=DB=D8=
) - =CE=CF =D7=CF=D4=20
=CE=C5=CC=D8=DA=D1 =D7=D9=C2=D2=C1=D4=D8 =D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =CF=C4=CE=CF =
=C9=DA =CE=C9=C8 :(, =D0=CF=CC=D5=DE=C9=D4=D3=D1 =CB=C1=CB-=C2=D5=C4=D4=CF=
 =D2=C1=DA=CE=D9=C5 =D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=D9. :(
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~
  =EE=C5=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=
=D4=D2=CF=D7 =CB=CF=CE=C6=C9=C7=D5=D2=C1=C3=C9=C9 =D0=CF =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=
=CE=C9=C0 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8=20
=C9=DA=CD=C5=CE=C5=CE=D9 =D7=CF =D7=D2=C5=CD=D1 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=C5=CE=C9=
=D1 =DE=C5=D2=C5=DA =CF=C4=CE=D5 =C9=CC=C9 =CE=C5=D3=CB=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =DA=
=C1=D0=C9=D3=C5=CA=20
Default_Entry. =EF=CE=C9 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =CB=C1=D3=C1=D4=D8=D3=D1 =D7=D3=C5=
=C8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CA =CE=C1 =CC=C0=C2=CF=CD=20
=CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=C5, =D7=D3=C5=C8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=
=CC=C5=CA =CE=C1 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=CF=CD =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=
=C5=D2=C5, =C9=CC=C9 =D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF=20
=CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=CF=C7=CF =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=
=D1. =EB=CF=C7=C4=C1 =C9=CD=C5=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CD=CE=CF=D6=C5=D3=D4=D7=CF =DA=
=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=CA, =D4=CF =CF=CE=C9=20
=D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=CE=D1=C0=D4=D3=D1 =D0=CF=CF=DE=C5=D2=C5=C4=CE=CF. =E5=D3=CC=
=C9 =C9=CD=C5=C0=D4=D3=D1 =CB=CF=CE=C6=CC=C9=CB=D4=D5=C0=DD=C9=C5 =DA=CE=C1=
=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1, =D4=CF =DC=C6=C6=C5=CB=D4=20
=C2=D5=C4=C5=D4 =C9=CD=C5=D4=D8 =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5=C4=CE=C5=C5 =C9=DA =CE=C9=
=C8 =D7 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C5.
~~~~~~~~~~
Certain configuration options may be changed from their default values=20
at runtime via one or more Default_Entry
   lines. These may affect all users on any host, all users on a=20
specific host, a specific user, or commands being run as a specific=20
user. When multiple entries match, they are applied in order. Where=20
there are conflicting values, the last value on a matching line takes=20
effect.
~~~~~~~~~~
  =EE=C5=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=
=D4=D2=CF=D7 =CB=CF=CE=C6=C9=C7=D5=D2=C1=C3=C9=C9 =D0=CF =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=
=CE=C9=C0 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8=20
=C9=DA=CD=C5=CE=C5=CE=D9 =D7=CF =D7=D2=C5=CD=D1 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=C5=CE=C9=
=D1 =DE=C5=D2=C5=DA =CF=C4=CE=D5 =C9=CC=C9 =CE=C5=D3=CB=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =DA=
=C1=D0=C9=D3=C5=CA=20
Default_Entry. =EF=CE=C9 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =CB=C1=D3=C1=D4=D8=D3=D1 =D7=D3=C5=
=C8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CA =CE=C1 =CC=C0=C2=CF=CD=20
=CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=C5, =D7=D3=C5=C8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=
=CC=C5=CA =CE=C1 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=CF=CD =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=
=C5=D2=C5, =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=CF=C7=CF=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1, =C9=CC=C9 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=C5=CD=
=D9=C8 =CF=D4 =CC=C9=C3=C1 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=CF=C7=CF =D0=CF=
=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4.=20
=E5=D3=CC=C9 =D0=CF=C4=C8=CF=C4=C9=D4 =CE=C5=D3=CB=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =DA=C1=D0=
=C9=D3=C5=CA, =D4=CF =D0=CF =CF=DE=C5=D2=C5=C4=C9 =D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=CE=D1=C0=
=D4=D3=D1 =CF=CE=C9 =D7=D3=C5. =E5=D3=CC=C9=20
=CB=C1=CB=C9=C5-=D4=CF =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 =CB=CF=CE=C6=CC=C9=CB=D4=D5=
=C0=D4, =D7 =D3=C9=CC=C5 =CF=D3=D4=C1=CE=C5=D4=D3=D1 =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5=C4=CE=
=C5=C5 =C9=DA =CE=C9=C8 =D7 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C5.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

=EB=D3=D4=C1=D4=C9 - =D7 EBNF =D0=CF=DE=C5=CD=D5-=D4=CF =D7=C5=D2=D4=C9=CB=
=C1=CC=D8=CE=D9=C5 =CC=C9=CE=C9=C9 =D3=D4=C1=CC=C9 =C9=C4=D4=C9 =D0=C1=D2=
=C1=CD=C9. =E4=D5=CD=C1=C0,=20
=CF=DB=C9=C2=CB=C1 =D7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5, =C9 =CE=D5=D6=CE=CF =D0=
=D2=CF=C4=CF=CC=D6=C1=D4=D8 =D3=D4=C1=D7=C9=D4=D8 =CF=C4=CE=D5 =CC=C9=CE=C9=
=C0.

~~~~~~~~~~~
=F0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=D9 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =C6=CC=C1=C7=C1=CD=
=C9, =C3=C5=CC=CF=DE=C9=D3=CC=C5=CE=CE=D9=CD=C9 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1=CD=
=C9, =D7=D9=D2=C1=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1=CD=C9 =C9=CC=C9=20
=D3=D0=C9=D3=CB=C1=CD=C9
~~~~~~~~~~~
=F3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C1=CD=C9, =C1 =CE=C5 =D7=D9=D2=C1=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1=CD=C9 (=D0=
=CF =CB=CF=CE=D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=D5 =D0=CF=CC=D5=DE=C1=C5=D4=D3=D1 - =CD=C1=D4=
=C5=CD. =D7=D9=D2=C1=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1=CD=C9)
"=D3=D0=C9=D3=CB=C1=CD=C9" =D4=CF=D6=C5 =CE=D5=D6=CE=CF =D7=D9=C4=C5=CC=C9=
=D4=D8.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~~~~~~~
=C4=CC=D1 =C5=C7=CF =CF=D4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1
~~~~~~~~~~~~
=C4=CC=D1 =E9=E8 =CF=D4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 (=C6=CC=C1=C7=CF=D7, =C1 =
=CE=C5 =CB=CF=CE=D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=C1)
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~~~~~~~
=C5=D3=CC=C9 =CF=CE=C9 =D3=CF=C4=C5=D2=D6=C1=D4 =D0=CF=D7=D4=CF=D2=D1=C0=DD=
=C9=C5=D3=D1 =D3=CC=CF=D7=C1
~~~~~~~~~~~
=C5=D3=CC=C9 =CF=CE=C9 =D3=CF=C4=C5=D2=D6=C1=D4 =CE=C5=D3=CB=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF=
 =D3=CC=CF=D7
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~~~~~~
=D0=D2=CF=D0=D5=DD=C5=CE=CF =D0=D2=C9 =D0=C5=D2=C5=CF=D7=C4=C5?
~~~~~~~~~~
  Lists have two additional assignment operators, +=3D
   and -=3D
  . These operators are used to add to and delete from a list=20
respectively. It is not an error to use the -=3D
   operator to remove an element that does not exist in a list.

  Note that since the sudoers file is parsed in order the best place to=20
put the Defaults section is after the Host, User, and Cmnd aliases but=20
before the user specifications.
~~~~~~~~~~
=E4=CC=D1 =D3=D0=C9=D3=CB=CF=D7 =CB=D2=CF=CD=C5 =CF=C2=D9=DE=CE=CF=C7=CF =
=D0=D2=C9=D3=D7=C1=C9=D7=C1=CE=C9=D1 (=3D) =C5=D3=D4=D8 =C5=DD=A3 =CF=D0=C5=
=D2=C1=D4=CF=D2=D9=20
=C4=CF=C2=C1=D7=CC=C5=CE=C9=D1 =DC=CC=C5=CD=C5=CE=D4=C1 (+=3D) =C9 =D5=C4=
=C1=CC=C5=CE=C9=D1 =DC=CC=C5=CD=C5=CE=D4=C1 (-=3D) =C9=DA =D3=D0=C9=D3=CB=
=C1. =EF=D0=C5=D2=C1=D4=CF=D2 -=3D=20
=CE=C5 =D3=CF=DE=D4=C5=D4 =CF=DB=C9=C2=CB=CF=CA, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =DC=CC=C5=CD=
=C5=CE=D4, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=CA =D4=D2=C5=C2=D5=C5=D4=D3=D1 =D5=C4=C1=CC=
=C9=D4=D8, =D5=D6=C5=20
=CF=D4=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4 =D7 =D3=D0=C9=D3=CB=C5.

=FA=C1=CD=C5=D4=D8=D4=C5, =DE=D4=CF =D4=C1=CB =CB=C1=CB /etc/sudoers =D2=C1=
=DA=C2=C9=D2=C1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C1 =DA=C1 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=CF=CA=
, =CC=D5=DE=DB=C5=C5=20
=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF =C4=CC=D1 =DA=C1=C4=C1=CE=D1 =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=CA =
- =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5 =DA=C1=C4=C1=CE=C9=D1 =D0=D3=C5=D7=C4=CF=CE=C9=CD=CF=D7=
 (Host aliases,=20
User aliases, Cmnd aliases), =CE=CF =C4=CF =CF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=C9=D1=CE=C5=
=D0=CF=D3=D2=C5=C4=D3=D4=D7=C5=CE=CE=CF =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=
=C5=CA.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~~~~~
=F0=D2=C9 =C9=C4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=C3=C9=C9 =D0=CF =D3=C8=C5=CD=C5 =
One Time Password (S/Key =C9=CC=C9 -1OPIE),=20
=C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=D5=C5=D4=D3=D1 =C4=D7=CF=CA=CE=C1=D1 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=
=C4=CE=C1=D1 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C1, =DE=D4=CF=C2=D9 =CF=C2=CC=C5=C7=DE=C9=D4=
=D8 =D7=CF=DA=CD=CF=D6=CE=CF=D3=D4=D8=20
"=D7=D9=D2=C5=DA=C1=D4=D8 =C9 =D7=D3=D4=C1=D7=CC=D1=D4=D8" =D7=D9=DA=CF=D7=
 =D7 =CC=CF=CB=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF=C5 =CF=CB=CE=CF. =FC=D4=CF =CE=C5 =D4=C1=CB=
 =C8=CF=D2=CF=DB=CF=20
=D7=D9=C7=CC=D1=C4=C9=D4, =CB=C1=CB =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =D0=CF =D5=CD=
=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0, =CE=CF =CE=C5=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =CC=C0=C4=C9 =CE=
=C1=CA=C4=D5=D4 =DC=D4=CF =C2=CF=CC=C5=C5=20
=D5=C4=CF=C2=CE=D9=CD.
~~~~~~~~~
When validating with a One Time Password scheme (S/Key or OPIE), a=20
two-line prompt is used to make it easier to cut and paste the challenge =

to a local window. It's not as pretty as the default but some people=20
find it more convenient.
~~~~~~~~~
=F7=C9=C4=C9=CD=CF =C5=D3=D4=D8 =CB=C1=CB=C1=D1-=D4=CF =D2=C1=DA=CE=C9=C3=
=C1 =CD=C5=D6=C4=D5 =D0=D2=CF=D7=C5=D2=CB=CF=CA (validating) =C9=20
=C9=C4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=C3=C9=C5=CA? =CB=D4=CF =D2=C1=DA=C2=C9=D2=C1=
=C5=D4=D3=D1=D7 sudo - =CF=C2=DF=D1=D3=CE=C9=D4=C5 ;)

-1OPIE - no comments ;)

two line prompt - =DA=C1=D0=D2=CF=D3 =D7 =C4=D7=C5 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9 =D7=
=D9=D3=CF=D4=CF=CA

=F7 =CF=C2=DD=C5=CD:
    =F0=D2=C9 ??=D0=D2=CF=D7=C5=D2=CB=C5?? =D3 =D0=CF=CD=CF=DD=D8=C0 =CF=C4=
=CE=CF=D2=C1=DA=CF=D7=CF=C7=CF =D0=C1=D2=CF=CC=D1 (=D3=C8=C5=CD=C1 One Ti=
me=20
Passw=CFrd, S/Key =C9=CC=C9 OPIE), =C2=D5=C4=C5=D4 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=
=D7=C1=CE =DA=C1=D0=D2=CF=D3 =C9=DA =C4=D7=D5=C8 =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB. =F4=C1=CB=
=CF=CA=20
=DA=C1=D0=D2=CF=D3 =CC=C5=C7=DE=C5 "=D7=D9=D2=C5=DA=C1=D4=D8 =C9 =D7=D3=D4=
=C1=D7=C9=D4=D8" =D7 ??=CF=CB=CE=CF =D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=C1=CD=CD=D9 =CE=C1 =CC=
=CF=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF=CA=20
=CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=C5??. =F7=D9=C7=CC=D1=C4=C9=D4 =DC=D4=CF =CE=C5 =D3=D4=CF=
=CC=D8 =CB=D2=C1=D3=C9=D7=CF, =CB=C1=CB =CF=C4=CE=C1 =D3=D4=D2=CF=DE=CB=C1=
 (=D0=CF=20
=D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0), =CE=CF =C5=D3=D4=D8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=C5=CC=C9, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =D3=DE=C9=D4=C1=C0=D4, =DE=D4=CF =D4=C1=
=CB =D5=C4=CF=C2=CE=C5=C5.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~
sudo =C2=D5=C4=C5=D4 =C9=C7=CE=CF=D2=C9=D2=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 . =C9=CC=C9 (=D4=
=C5=CB=D5=DD=C9=CA =CB=C1=D4=C1=CC=CF=C7)
~~~~
sudo will ignore '.' or '' (current dir)
~~~~
=CE=C5 =D3=D4=CF=C9=CC=CF =D5=C2=C9=D2=C1=D4=D8 =CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=CB=C9 :)
=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~
"=CF=D4=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4 =D7 =C6=C1=CA=CC=C5 sudoers"
"=D0=D2=C9=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4 ...."
~~~~
=D1 =C2=D9 =CE=C1=D0=C9=D3=C1=CC "=CE=C5 =CF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE =D7 /etc/sudo=
ers"  - =C9 =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7. "=CF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE =D7=20
/etc/sudoers" - =CE=C5 =CE=D2=C1=D7=C9=D4=D3=D1 =CD=CE=C5 "=D0=D2=C9=D3=D5=
=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4" =D7 =D4=C1=CB=CF=CD =CB=CF=CE=D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=C5
=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~~
"tty_tickets"
=E5=D3=CC=C9 =DC=D4=CF=D4 =C6=CC=C1=C7 =D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CC=C5=CE, su=
do =C2=D5=C4=C5=D4 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 ticket dir (=CB=C1=
=D4=C1=CC=CF=C7=20
=D7=C9=C4=C1 /var/run/sudo/=C9=CD=D1_ticket=C1, =C7=C4=C5 =C9=CD=D1_ticke=
ta =D3=CF=D7=D0=C1=C4=C1=C5=D4 =D3 =C9=CD=C5=CE=C5=CD=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =C9=CC=C9 =D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=C1=CC=C1=
, =D3 =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=CF=C7=CF =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 =D7=CF=
=DB=C5=CC =D7 =D3=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=D5) =C4=CC=D1=20
=D0=CF-=D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF=CA =C1=D5=D4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=
=C1=C3=C9=C9 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CA. =FC=D4=CF =CD=C5=C8=
=C1=CE=C9=DA=CD, =D3 =D0=CF=CD=CF=DD=D8=C0=20
=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=CF=C7=CF sudo =CF=D4=D3=CC=C5=D6=C9=D7=C1=C5=D4, =DE=D4=CF=
 =C4=C1=CE=CE=D9=CA =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 =D5=D6=C5 =D7=D9=
=DA=D9=D7=C1=CC sudo=20
(=C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=D5=C5=D4=D3=D1, =D7 =DE=C1=D3=D4=CE=CF=D3=D4=C9, =C4=
=CC=D1 lecture) =C9 =CD=CF=CD=C5=CE=D4 =D7=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=C9, =CB=CF=C7=C4=
=C1 =C2=D9=CC=C1=20
=D0=D2=CF=C9=DA=D7=C5=C4=C5=CE=C1 =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5=C4=CE=D1=D1 =D5=D3=D0=C5=
=DB=CE=C1=D1 =C1=D5=D4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=C3=C9=D1 =C4=C1=CE=CE=CF=C7=
=CF =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 (=C9=CC=C9=20
=D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=C1=CC=C1, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=D5=C5=D4=D3=
=D1 tty_tickets). =F0=CF =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0 =DC=D4=CF=D4 =C6=CC=C1=
=C7 =D7=D9=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE.
~~~~~
tty_tickets
  If set, users must authenticate on a per-tty basis. Normally, sudo=20
uses a directory in the ticket dir with the same name as the user=20
running it. With this flag enabled, sudo will use a file named for the=20
tty the user is logged in on in that directory. This flag is off by defau=
lt.
~~~~
=F1 =CE=C5 =CF=DE=C5=CE=D8 =D0=CF=CE=D1=CC, =DE=D4=CF =DC=D4=CF =C9 =DA=C1=
=DE=C5=CD. =E1=D7=D4=CF=D2 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C1 =D7=C9=C4=C9=CD=CF =D0=
=D9=D4=C1=CC=D3=D1 =D0=CF=CE=D1=D4=D8=20
=C9 =CF=C2=DF=D1=D3=CE=C9=D4=D8. =F7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5 =CE=C5=D0=
=CF=CE=D1=D4=CE=CF =D7=CF=CF=C2=DD=C5 =CE=C9=DE=C5=C7=CF. =EE=CF, =C5=D3=CC=
=C9 =D1 =D0=CF=CE=D1=CC,=20
=D7=CD=C5=D6=C4=D5 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=CF=CD =C9 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=
=CF=CD =D2=C1=D3=C8=CF=D6=C4=C5=CE=C9=C5:
  =F7 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C5 - ticket dir - =DC=D4=CF /var/run/sudo/<us=
er name> =CC=C9=C2=CF=20
/var/run/sudo/<tty of login>
  =F7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5 - ticket dir - =DC=D4=CF, =D7=C9=C4=C9=CD=
=CF, /var/run/sudo, sudo =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=D5=C5=D4=20
=C4=CC=D1 =DE=C5=C7=CF-=D4=CF =CC=C9=C2=CF =D0=CF=C4-=C4=C9=D2=C5=CB=D4=CF=
=D2=C9=C0 $ticket-dir/<user name>/ , =CC=C9=C2=CF =C6=C1=CA=CC=20
$ticket-dir/<user name>/<tty of login>. =E4=CC=D1 =DE=C5=C7=CF? =E9 =DE=D4=
=CF =C5=D3=D4=D8 tty =D7=20
=D3=CC=D5=DE=C1=C5 xterm =C9=CC=C9 ssh ?
=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~
=F4=CF-=C5=D3=D4=D8, =DC=D4=CF =DA=C1=D0=D5=D3=CB=C1=C5=D4 =CF=C2=CF=CC=CF=
=DE=CB=D5 =CF=D4 =C9=CD=C5=CE=C9 =D3=D5=D0=C5=D2-=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=C5=CC=D1 (root)=20
(=CF=C2=CF=CC=CF=DE=CB=C1 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=C1 =D0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=
=CE=CE=CF=CA =CF=CB=D2=D5=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1 SHELL, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =CF=CE=C1 =D5=
=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C1, =C5=D3=CC=C9=20
=CE=C5=D4, =D4=CF =D0=D2=CF=C9=D3=C8=CF=C4=C9=D4 =CF=C2=D2=C1=DD=C5=CE=C9=
=C5 =CB =CF=C2=CF=CC=CF=DE=CB=C5, =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=CE=CF=CA =D7 =D5=DE=C5=
=D4=CE=CF=CA =DA=C1=D0=C9=D3=C9=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =D7=D9=DA=D9=D7=C1=C0=DD=C5=C7=CF =CB=
=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D5 =C6=C1=CA=CC=C1 /etc/passwd).
~~~~
That is, it runs a shell as root (the shell is determined by the SHELL
   environment variable if it is set, falling back on the shell listed=20
in the invoking user's /etc/passwd entry if not).
~~~~
=F4=CF =C5=D3=D4=D8, sudo =DA=C1=D0=D5=D3=CB=C1=C5=D4 =CF=C2=CF=CC=CF=DE=CB=
=D5 =CF=D4 =C9=CD=C5=CE=C9 =D3=D5=D0=C5=D2-=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=
=CC=D1 (root)=20
(=CF=C2=CF=CC=CF=DE=CB=C1 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=C1 =D0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=
=CE=CE=CF=CA =CF=CB=D2=D5=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1 SHELL, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =CF=CE=C1 =D5=
=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C1. E=D3=CC=C9=20
=CE=C5=D4, =DA=C1=D0=D5=D3=CB=C1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CF=C2=CF=CC=CF=DE=CB=C1, =CE=
=C1=D3=D4=D2=CF=C5=CE=CE=C1=D1 =C4=CC=D1 =D4=C5=CB=D5=DD=C5=C7=CF =D0=CF=CC=
=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =D7=20
/etc/passwd).
=3D=3D=3D=3D

=EF=D0=D1=D4=D8 =D6=C5, =CE=C5 =CE=D2=C1=D7=C9=D4=D3=D1 =CD=CE=C5 "=CF=C2=
=CF=CC=CF=DE=CB=C1". =E5=D3=D4=D8 =CB=C1=CE=CF=CE=C9=DE=C5=D3=CB=C9=CA =D0=
=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4 shell ?

~~~~~
=FC=D4=CF =DA=C1=D3=D4=C1=D7=C9=D4 =D0=CF=C4=D2=C1=DA=D5=CD=C5=D7=C1=D4=D8=
 =D7=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF =C6=CC=C1=C7=C1 -s =C6=CC=C1=C7 -H
~~~~~
This effectively makes the -s flag imply -H
~~~~~
=F4=C1=CB=C9=CD =CF=C2=D2=C1=DA=CF=CD, =D0=D2=C9 =DA=C1=D0=D5=D3=CB=C5 su=
do =D3 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=CF=CD -s, =C2=D5=C4=C5=D4 =D4=C1=CB=D6=C5=
=20
=D0=CF=C4=D2=C1=DA=D5=CD=C5=D7=C1=D4=D8=D3=D1 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2 -H=
=2E
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

~~~~~
"preserve_groups"
  =F0=CF =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0 sudo =C9=CE=C9=C3=C9=C1=CC=C9=DA=C9=D2=
=D5=C5=D4 =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=CF=D7=CF=CA =D7=C5=CB=D4=CF=D2 =CB =D3=D0=C9=D3=
=CB=D5 =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0,=20
=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=CF=CD=D5 =D0=D2=C9=CE=C1=C4=CC=C5=D6=C9=D4 =C3=C5=CC=C5=D7=
=CF=CA =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8. =EB=CF=C7=C4=C1 preserve_gro=
ups=20
=D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CC=C5=CE, =D4=CF =D3=D5=DD=C5=D3=D4=D7=D5=C0=DD=C9=CA=
 =D7=C5=CB=D4=CF=D2 =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=D9 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1=
 =CF=D3=D4=C1=A3=D4=D3=D1=20
=CE=C5=C9=DA=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=CD. =E1 =D2=C5=C1=CC=D8=CE=D9=CA =C9 =DC=C6=C6=
=C5=CB=D4=C9=D7=CE=D9=CA ID =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=D9, =CE=C1=CF=C2=CF=D2=CF=D4,=
 =D0=D2=C9=D7=CF=C4=D1=D4=D3=D1 =D7=20
=D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=C9=C5 =D3 =C3=C5=CC=C5=D7=D9=CD =D0=CF=CC=D8=
=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CD.
~~~~~
preserve_groups
  By default sudo will initialize the group vector to the list of groups =

the target user is in. When preserve_groups is set, the user's existing=20
group vector is left unaltered. The real and effective group IDs,=20
however, are still set to match the target user. This flag is off by=20
default.
~~~~~
"preserve_groups"
  =EF=C2=D9=DE=CE=CF sudo =D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=C1=D7=CC=C9=D7=C1=C5=D4 =CB=C1=CB=
 =D7=C5=CB=D4=CF=D2 =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0 =D3=D0=C9=D3=CF=CB =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0, =CB=
 =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=CD=20
=D0=D2=C9=CE=C1=C4=CC=C5=D6=C9=D4 =C3=C5=CC=C5=D7=CF=CA =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=
=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8. =EB=CF=C7=C4=C1 preserve_groups =D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=
=CC=C5=CE, =D4=CF=20
=D4=C5=CB=D5=DD=C9=CA =D7=C5=CB=D4=CF=D2 =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=
=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =CF=D3=D4=C1=A3=D4=D3=D1 =CE=C5=C9=DA=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=CD=
=2E =F2=C5=C1=CC=D8=CE=D9=CA =C9=20
=DC=C6=C6=C5=CB=D4=C9=D7=CE=D9=CA ID =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=D9 (gid), =D7 =CC=C0=
=C2=CF=CD =D3=CC=D5=DE=C1=C5, =D0=D2=C9=D7=CF=C4=D1=D4=D3=D1 =D7 =D3=CF=CF=
=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=C9=C5 =D3=20
=C3=C5=CC=C5=D7=D9=CD =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CD.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~
=F4=CF-=C5=D3=D4=D8, =D7=CD=C5=D3=D4=CF myhost =D7=D9 =C2=D9 =C9=D3=D0=CF=
=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CC=C9 myhost.mydomain.edu. =F7=D9=20
=D7=D3=C5-=D2=C1=D7=CE=CF =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4=C5, =D0=D2=C9 =D6=C5=CC=C1=CE=C9=
=C9, =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 =CB=D2=C1=D4=CB=D5=C0 =C6=CF=D2=
=CD=D5 (=C9 =C4=C1=D6=C5=20
=D3=CD=C5=DB=C9=D7=C1=D4=D8 =C4=D7=C5). =EF=D3=D4=C5=D2=C5=C7=C1=CA=D4=C5=
=D3=D8! =E4=CC=D1 =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 fqdn sudo =D4=D2=C5=C2=D5=C5=
=D4=D3=D1 =D3=C4=C5=CC=C1=D4=D8=20
=D0=CF=C9=D3=CB=CF=D7=D5=C0 =D4=C1=C2=CC=C9=C3=D5 -1DNS, =C9=DA-=DA=C1 =DE=
=C5=C7=CF sudo =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D3=D4=C1=D4=D8 =D2=C5=C1=C7=C9=
=D2=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8,=20
=C5=D3=CC=C9 -1DNS =D0=D2=C5=CB=D2=C1=D4=C9=D4 =D3=D7=CF=C0 =D2=C1=C2=CF=D4=
=D5 (=CE=C1=D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=D2, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=C1 =CE=C5 =D0=
=CF=C4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C1 =CB=20
=D3=C5=D4=C9). .........
  =E5=D3=CC=C9 =C9=CD=D1 =D7=C1=DB=C5=CA =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=D9 =D0=CF=CC=CE=CF=
=C5 (=CB=C1=CB =D3=CF=CF=C2=DD=C1=C5=D4 =D7=D9=D7=CF=C4 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=
=D9 hostname), =D4=CF=20
=D5 =D7=C1=D3 =CE=C5=D4 =CE=C5=CF=C2=C8=CF=C4=C9=CD=CF=D3=D4=C9 =DA=C1=C4=
=C5=CA=D3=D4=D7=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 fqfn.
~~~~
I.e., instead of myhost you would use myhost.mydomain.edu You may still=20
use the short form if you wish (and even mix the two). Beware that=20
turning on fqdn requires sudo to make DNS lookups which may make sudo=20
unusable if DNS stops working (for example if the machine is not plugged =

into the network).
  ......
If your machine's hostname (as returned by the hostname
  command) is already fully qualified you shouldn't need to set fqdn.
~~~~
-1DNS
fqfn - typo

=F4=CF =C5=D3=D4=D8 - =DE=C5=D2=C5=DA =D0=D2=CF=C2=C5=CC.
=F7=D9 =C2=D9 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CC=C9 -> =D7=D9 =C8=CF=D4=C9=
=D4=C5 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8
=CD=CF=D6=C5=D4=C5 -> =D3=CD=CF=D6=C5=D4=C5

=F7=CE=C9=CD=C1=CE=C9=C5! =D0=D2=C9 =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=CE=CF=CD fqdn, =
sudo =D0=D2=C9=C4=A3=D4=D3=D1 =C4=C5=CC=C1=D4=D8 =DA=C1=D0=D2=CF=D3=D9 =CB=
 =D3=C5=D2=D7=C5=D2=D5=20
DNS. =F4=C1=CB=C9=CD =CF=C2=D2=C1=DA=CF=CD, =C5=D3=CC=C9 DNS =D0=C5=D2=C5=
=D3=D4=C1=CE=C5=D4 =D2=C1=C2=CF=D4=C1=D4=D8 (=CE=C1=D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=D2 =CD=
=C1=DB=C9=CE=C1 =CE=C5=20
=D0=CF=C4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C1 =CB =D3=C5=D4=C9), =D4=CF =C9 sudo =D0=C5=D2=
=C5=D3=D4=C1=CE=C5=D4 =D2=C1=C2=CF=D4=C1=D4=D8 =D4=CF=D6=C5.
=2E....
=E5=D3=CC=C9 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=C1 hostname =D5=D6=C5 =D3=CF=CF=C2=DD=C1=C5=
=D4 =D0=CF=CC=CE=CF=C5 =C9=CD=D1 =D7=C1=DB=C5=CA =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=D9, =D4=CF=
 =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C1=D4=D8=20
fqdn =CE=C5=D4 =CE=C5=CF=C2=C8=CF=C4=C9=CD=CF=D3=D4=C9.
=3D=3D=3D=3D


~~~~
=F4=C1=CB =CB=C1=CB =CE=C5=D4 =D7=CF=DA=CD=CF=D6=CE=CF=D3=D4=C9 =CF=D4=CB=
=CC=C0=DE=C9=D4=D8 =CF=D4=CB=CC=C9=CB, =C5=D3=CC=C9 =D4=C5=D2=CD=C9=CE=C1=
=CC =CF=D4=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4,=20
=CE=C5=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =D3=C1=CA=D4=D9 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=
=C1=D7=CC=C9=D7=C1=D4=D8 =DC=D4=CF=D4 =C6=CC=C1=C7 =C4=CC=D1 =D0=D2=C5=C4=
=CF=D4=D7=D2=C1=DD=C5=CE=C9=D1 =D7=D7=CF=C4=C1=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CD =D0=C1=D2=CF=CC=D1 =CF=D4=CB=D2=D9=
=D4=D9=CD =D4=C5=CB=D3=D4=CF=CD
~~~~
  Because it is not possible to turn off echo when there is no tty=20
present, some sites may with to set this flag to prevent a user from=20
entering a visible password
~~~~
with - typo, =C7=D9 :-)

=CF=D4=CB=CC=C9=CB (=CB=C1=CB=CF=CA?) -> =DC=C8=CF=D0=C5=DE=C1=D4=D8
=2E..=C6=CC=C1=C7, =DE=D4=CF=C2=D9 =D0=D2=C5=C4=CF=D4=D7=D2=C1=D4=C9=D4=D8=
 =D7=D7=CF=C4 =D0=C1=D2=CF=CC=D1, =CB=CF=C7=C4=C1 =D7=D7=CF=C4=C9=CD=D9=C5=
 =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=D9 =C2=D5=C4=D5=D4=20
=CF=D4=CB=D2=D9=D4=CF =D7=C9=C4=CE=D9 =D0=CF=D3=D4=CF=D2=CF=CE=CE=C9=CD.
=3D=3D=3D=3D


-1EDITOR =C9 -1VISUAL
-1RCS

RCS revision control system - =D3=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=D5 =D5=D0=D2=C1=D7=CC=C5=
=CE=C9=D1 =D7=C5=D2=D3=C9=D1=CD=C9, =D2=C5=C4=C1=CB=C3=C9=D1=CD=C9, =C1=20
=CE=C5 =D0=D2=CF=D7=C5=D2=CB=CF=CA :)

~~~
=FC=D4=CF =D0=CF=CC=C5=DA=CE=CF =C4=CC=D1 =CF=D4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 =
=D0=CF=D4=C5=CE=C3=C9=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF =CF=D0=C1=D3=CE=CF=CA =C6=D5=CE=CB=C3=
=C9=CF=CE=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF=D3=D4=C9 =D0=D2=C9=20
=D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=C5=CE=C9=C9 setuid-=D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=C1=CD=CD
~~~
This can be useful on systems that disable some potentially dangerous=20
functionality when a program is run setuid.
~~~
=CB=C1=CB-=D4=CF =D0=CF =C4=D2=D5=C7=CF=CD=D5. =CE=C5 =DA=CE=C1=C0 =CE=C1=
=D3=DE=C5=D4 setuid, =D0=CF=D4=CF=CD=D5 =CE=C5 =D3=CB=C1=D6=D5 =CB=C1=CB.=
 =EB=C1=CB=20
=CD=C9=CE=C9=CD=D5=CD =CE=C1=DE=C1=CC=CF =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=C5=C4=C5=CE=CF =CE=
=C1=CF=C2=CF=D2=CF=D4.
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=F5=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=C9=D4=C5 =DC=D4=CF =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =D7 077=
7
~~~
Negate this option or set it to 0777
~~~
Negate =DA=C1=C2=D9=CC=C9 :)
=3D=3D=3D

-1SECURITY

~~~
=C5=D3=CC=C9 =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=CF =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CE=C9=
=C5 insults
~~~
unless insults are enabled.
~~~
=C5=D3=CC=C9 =EE=E5 =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=CF
=3D=3D=3D

~~~
=D7=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=C5 =C6=C1=CA=CC=D9-=CD=C5=D4=CB=C9
~~~
timestamp files
~~~
=C6=C1=CA=CC=D9 =D3 =D7=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=CD=C9 =CD=C5=D4=CB=C1=CD=C9
=3D=3D=3D

~~~
  =F0=CF=C4=C4=C5=D2=D6=C9=D7=C1=C0=D4=D3=D1 =C4=D7=C1 =D7=C1=D2=C9=C1=CE=
=D4=C1 =D5=D0=D2=C1=D7=CC=D1=C0=DD=C9=C8 =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5=C4=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=
=CC=D8=CE=CF=D3=D4=C5=CA: %u=20
=CF=D4=CF=C2=D2=C1=D6=C1=C5=D4 =C9=CD=D1 =D7=C8=CF=C4=D1=DD=C5=C7=CF =D7 =
=D3=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=D5 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =C9 %h =D7=D9=D7=
=CF=C4=C9=D4 =CC=CF=CB=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF=C5=20
=C9=CD=D1 =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=D9
~~~
  The following percent (` %
  ') escapes are supported:
%u
  expanded to the invoking user's login name
%U
  expanded to the login name of the user the command will be run as=20
(defaults to root)
%h
  expanded to the local hostname without the domain name
%H
  expanded to the local hostname including the domain name (on if the=20
machine's hostname is fully qualified or the fqdn option is set)
%%

  two consecutive %
   characters are collaped into a single %
   character
~~~
    =ED=CF=D6=CE=CF =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 =D3=D0=C5=C3=C9=C1=
=CC=D8=CE=D9=C5 =D0=CF=C4=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CB=C9:
  %u =DA=C1=CD=C5=CE=D1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CE=C1 login =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=C5=CC=D1, =DA=C1=D0=D5=D3=D4=C9=D7=DB=C5=C7=CF sudo.
  %U =DA=C1=CD=C5=CE=D1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CE=C1 login =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=C5=CC=D1, =CF=D4 =CC=C9=C3=C1 =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=CF=C7=CF =CE=D5=D6=CE=CF=
 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=C9=D4=D8=20
=CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D5.
  %h =DA=C1=CD=C5=CE=D1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CE=C1 =CB=D2=C1=D4=CB=CF=C5 =C9=CD=D1=
 ??local?? =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=C1, =C2=C5=DA =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C9=
=D1 =C4=CF=CD=C5=CE=C1.
  %H =DA=C1=CD=C5=CE=D1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CE=C1 =D0=CF=CC=CE=CF=C5 =C9=CD=D1 ?=
?local?? =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=C1 (=C5=D3=CC=C9 =D4=C1=CB=CF=C5=20
=D7=CF=DA=D7=D2=C1=DD=C1=C5=D4 hostname =C9=CC=C9 =D5=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CC=
=C5=CE =C6=CC=C1=C7 fqdn)
  %% =DA=C1=CD=C5=CE=D1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =CE=C1 =CF=C4=C9=CE =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=
 "%"
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=F7=D9=D2=C1=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =CD=CF=C7=D5=D4 =C2=D9=
=D4=D8
~~~
Strings - =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C9. =E9=CC=C9 =CB=C1=CB =CE=C1 =CE=C5=D3=CB=CF=CC=
=D8=CB=CF =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB =D7=D9=DB=C5 - =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=CF=D7=D9=C5 =DA=CE=
=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1.
=3D=3D=3D

~~~
=F0=D5=D4=D8 =CB =C6=C1=CA=CC=D5 =D6=D5=D2=CE=C1=CC=C1 sudo (=CE=C5 syslo=
g)
~~~
=F2=C1=CE=C5=C5 =C7=CF=D7=CF=D2=C9=CC=CF=D3=D8 "=D3=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=CE=D9=CA=
 =D6=D5=D2=CE=C1=CC", =D4=C5=D0=C5=D2=D8 =C9 =CE=C9=D6=C5 - syslog. =E8=CF=
=D2=CF=DB=CF =C2=D9=20
=D7=D9=C2=D2=C1=D4=D8 :-)
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=F3=D2=C5=C4=D3=D4=D7=CF =C4=CC=D1 =D2=C5=C7=C9=D3=D4=D2=C1=C3=C9=C9 =D3=CF=
=C2=D9=D4=C9=CA =D7 =D3=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=CE=CF=CD =D6=D5=D2=CE=C1=CC=C5 Sys=
log
~~~
Syslog facility
~~~
=F0=CF-=CD=CF=C5=CD=D5 =D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=D2=CE=CF =DC=D4=CF =CD=CF=D6=CE=CF=
 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=C5=D3=D4=C9, =CB=C1=CB =CB=CC=C1=D3=D3 =DA=C1=D0=C9=D3=C5=
=CA, =CB=C1=CB =C7=D2=D5=D0=D0=C1=20
=D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=C1=CD=CD, =DE=D8=C9 =DA=C1=D0=C9=D3=C9 =CD=CF=D6=CE=CF =CF=
=D4=D3=CF=D2=D4=C9=D2=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8 =CF=D4=C4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF. =F0=D5=D3=D4=
=D8 =CF=D0=D9=D4=CE=D9=C5 =CC=C0=C4=C9=20
=D3=CB=C1=D6=D5=D4 =CB=C1=CB =CC=D5=DE=DB=C5 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=C5=D3=D4=C9 =
:-)
=3D=3D=3D


-1PATH


~~~
=E4=CC=D1 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CE=C9=D1 =C6=CC=C1=C7=C1 -v =D0=CF=
=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8
                 =CE=C5 =C4=CF=CC=D6=C5=CE =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=D8 =D0=C1=D2=CF=CC=D8
~~~
=F4=C1=CB =D0=CF=CC=D5=DE=C1=C5=D4=D3=D1 must not.
IMHO - "=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C0 =CE=C5 =CE=D5=D6=CE=CF"
=3D=3D=3D

~~~
=F0=CF =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0 =D0=D2=C9=CE=D1=D4=CF =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=
=C9=C5 `any.
~~~
The default value is `all'.
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
  =FC=D4=CF =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CE=
=CF =C4=CC=D1 =DA=C1=DD=C9=D4=D9 =CF=D4 =D5=D1=DA=D7=C9=CD=CF=D3=D4=C9 =D0=
=CC=CF=C8=CF =CE=C1=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=CE=D9=C8=20
=D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=C1=CD=CD =D7 printf-style =C6=CF=D2=CD=C1=D4=C5. =E1=D2=C7=
=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=CF=CD =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =DA=C1=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=
=C9=C5 =D7=20
=C4=D7=CF=CA=CE=D9=C5 =CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=CB=C9, =D2=C1=DA=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=D9=
=CA =D0=D2=CF=C2=C5=CC=C1=CD=C9 =D3=D0=C9=D3=CF=CB =C9=CC=C9 =CF=C4=C9=CE=
=C1=D2=CE=CF=C5 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =C2=C5=DA=20
=C4=D7=CF=CA=CE=D9=C8 =CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=C5=CB. =F3=D0=C9=D3=CF=CB =CD=CF=D6=
=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =DA=C1=CD=C5=DD=C5=CE, =C4=CF=C2=C1=D7=CC=C5=CE =CB, =
=D5=C4=C1=CC=C5=CE =C9=DA, =C9=CC=C9=20
=CF=D4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE =D0=D2=C9 =D0=CF=CD=CF=DD=C9 =CF=D0=C5=D2=C1=D4=CF=
=D2=CF=D7 =3D, +=3D, -=3D =C9 ! =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=C5=CE=CE=CF=
=2E
~~~
This can be used to guard against printf-style format vulnerabilities in =

poorly-written programs. The argument may be a double-quoted,=20
space-separated list or a single value without double-quotes. The list=20
can be replaced, added to, deleted from, or disabled by using the =3D
  , +=3D
  , -=3D
  , and  !
   operators respectively
~~~
  =F0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2 =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=
=DA=CF=D7=C1=CE =C4=CC=D1 =DA=C1=DD=C9=D4=D9 =CF=D4 =D5=D1=DA=D7=C9=CD=CF=
=D3=D4=C5=CA =D4=C9=D0=C1 =DB=C1=C2=CC=CF=CE=C1=20
printf =D7 =D0=CC=CF=C8=CF =CE=C1=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=CE=D9=C8 =D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=
=C1=CD=CD=C1=C8. =FA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5=CD =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=C1 =
=CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8=20
=DA=C1=CB=CC=C0=DE=A3=CE=CE=D9=CA =D7 =C4=D7=CF=CA=CE=D9=C5 =CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=
=CB=C9 =D2=C1=DA=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=D9=CA =D0=D2=CF=C2=C5=CC=C1=CD=C9 =D3=D0=
=C9=D3=CF=CB =C9=CC=C9 =CF=C4=C9=CE=C1=D2=CE=CF=C5=20
=DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 =C2=C5=DA =C4=D7=CF=CA=CE=D9=C8 =CB=C1=D7=D9=DE=C5=
=CB. =EB =D3=D0=C9=D3=CB=D5 =CD=CF=D6=CE=CF =C4=CF=C2=C1=D7=CC=D1=D4=D8 =DC=
=CC=C5=CD=C5=CE=D4=D9 =C9=CC=C9=20
=D5=C2=C9=D2=C1=D4=D8 =C9=C8 =C9=DA =CE=C5=C7=CF; =D3=D0=C9=D3=CF=CB =CD=CF=
=D6=CE=CF =D0=C5=D2=C5=CE=C1=DA=CE=C1=DE=C9=D4=D8 =C3=C5=CC=C9=CB=CF=CD, =
=C9=CC=C9 =D7=CF=CF=C2=DD=C5=20
=CF=D4=CB=CC=C0=DE=C9=D4=D8 =D0=D2=C9 =D0=CF=CD=CF=DD=C9 =CF=D0=C5=D2=C1=D4=
=CF=D2=CF=D7 +=3D, -=3D, =3D =C9=CC=C9 ! =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=C5=
=CE=CE=CF.
=3D=3D=3D

~~~
=F0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=C5 =CF=CB=D2=D5=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=
=D9=C5 =C2=D5=C4=D5=D4 =D5=C4=C1=CC=C5=CE=D9 =C9=DA =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=
=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8=D3=CB=C9=C8 =D0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=C8
~~~
  =F0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=C5, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =C2=D5=C4=D5=D4 =D5=
=C4=C1=CC=C5=CE=D9 =C9=DA =D3=D2=C5=C4=D9 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=
=D1.

=E9=CC=C9: =F0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=CA =CF=CB=D2=D5=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1 =D0=
=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =C2=D5=C4=D5=D4 =
=D5=C4=C1=CC=C5=CE=D9.
=3D=3D=3D

=F0=D2=CF=D0=D5=DD=C5=CE =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4:
Note that many operating systems will remove potentially dangerous=20
variables from the environment of any setuid process (such as sudo).
=F5=DE=D4=C9=D4=C5, =DE=D4=CF =CD=CE=CF=C7=C9=C5 =CF=D0=C5=D2=C1=C3=C9=CF=
=CE=CE=D9=C5 =D3=C9=D3=D4=C5=CD=D9 =D5=C4=C1=CC=D1=C0=D4 =D0=CF=D4=C5=CE=C3=
=C9=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF =CF=D0=C1=D3=CE=D9=C5=20
=D0=C5=D2=C5=CD=C5=CE=CE=D9=C5 =C9=DA =CF=CB=D2=D5=D6=C5=CE=C9=D1 =CC=C0=C2=
=CF=CA setuid-=D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=C1=CD=CD=D9, =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C1=D1 =D3=C1=CD=
=D5 sudo.



=EB=D5-=CB=D5! authpriv =C4=C1=D7=CE=CF =D0=D2=CF=C5=C8=C1=CC=C9, =C9 =D7=
=C4=D2=D5=C7 =D7=D3=D0=CC=D9=D7=C1=C5=D4 =C3=C5=CC=D9=CA =C1=C2=DA=C1=C3:=

  When logging via syslog (3), sudo accepts the following values for the =

syslog facility (the value of the syslog Parameter): authpriv (if your=20
OS supports it), auth, daemon, user, local0, local1, local2, local3,=20
local4, local5, local6, and local7. The following syslog priorities are=20
supported: alert, crit, debug, emerg, err, info, notice, and warning.

=E5=D3=CC=C9 =D7=CB=CC=C0=DE=C5=CE=C1 =D2=C5=C7=C9=D3=D4=D2=C1=C3=C9=D1 =D3=
=CF=C2=D9=D4=C9=CA =DE=C5=D2=C5=DA syslog  (3), sudo =C1=CB=C3=C5=D0=D4=C9=
=D2=D5=C5=D4=20
=D3=CC=C5=C4=D5=C0=DD=C9=C5 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=D1 =C4=CC=D1 =CC=D5=DE=DB=
=C5=C7=CF =D7=DA=C1=C9=CD=CF=C4=C5=CA=D3=D4=D7=C9=D1 =D3 syslog (=DA=CE=C1=
=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5=20
=F0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=C1 syslog): authpriv (=C5=D3=CC=C9 =D7=C1=DB=C1 =
=EF=F3 =D0=CF=C4=C4=C5=D2=D6=C9=D7=C1=C5=D4 =DC=D4=CF), auth,=20
daemon, user, local0, local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6, =C9=
=20
local7. =F0=CF=C4=C4=C5=D2=D6=C9=D7=C1=C0=D4=D3=D1 =D3=CC=C5=C4=D5=C0=DD=C9=
=C5 =D0=D2=C9=CF=D2=C9=D4=C5=D4=D9 syslog: alert, crit, debug,=20
emerg, err, info, notice, =C9 warning.

=FC=D4=CF=D4 =C7=CC=C0=CB =D7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5!
=EE=CF =D7 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C5 =CE=C1=C4=CF =C2=D9 =C5=C7=CF =D0=CF=D0=
=D2=C1=D7=C9=D4=D8 =C9 =D0=CF=CD=C5=D3=D4=C9=D4=D8 =DC=D4=CF=D4 =C1=C2=DA=
=C1=C3 =D0=CF =C1=C4=D2=C5=D3=D5.

=E9 =D1 =C2=D9 =CE=C1=DE=C1=CC =D0=CF =C4=D2=D5=C7=CF=CD=D5: =E5=D3=CC=C9=
 =D6=D5=D2=CE=C1=CC =D3=CF=C2=D9=D4=C9=CA =D7=C5=C4=C5=D4=D3=D1 =DE=C5=D2=
=C5=DA syslog, =D4=CF=20
sudo =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =D0=D2=C5=C4=D3=D4=C1=D7=CC=D1=D4=D8=D3=D1 =D3=CC=C5=
=C4=D5=C0=DD=C9=CD=C9 ??facility??...




=F3=D0=C5=C3=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=C3=C9=D1 =F0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1=
 - =CF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=C9=C5, =D5=CB=C1=DA=C1=CE=C9=C5, =DA=C1=C4=C1=CE=C9=
=C5, =CE=C1=D3=D4=D2=CF=CA=CB=C1. =EE=CF=20
=CE=C5 =D3=D0=C5=C3=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=C3=C9=D1 ;)


User_Spec ::=3D User_list Host_List '=3D' User_List Cmnd_Spec_List \
                (':' User_Spec)*

=E7=CC=C0=CB: =CE=C5=D4 User_List =D0=CF=D3=CC=C5 '=3D' !

~~~
=F3=D0=C5=C3=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=C3=C9=D1 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1=
 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=D1=C5=D4 =CB=C1=CB=C9=C5 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D9 =CD=
=CF=D6=C5=D4 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=D4=D8=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 (=C9 =CB=C1=CB=CF=CA =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=
=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8) =CE=C1 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=CE=CF=CA =CD=C1=
=DB=C9=CE=C5.  =F0=CF=20
=D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0, =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D9 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=C0=
=D4=D3=D1 =CF=D4 =C9=CD=C5=CE=C9 =D3=D5=D0=C5=D2-=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=
=D4=C5=CC=D1 (root), =CE=CF=20
=DC=D4=CF =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =C9=DA=CD=C5=CE=C5=CE=CF =CE=C1 =D5=
=D2=CF=D7=CE=C5 =D0=CF-=CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=CE=CF=C7=CF =C4=CF=D3=D4=D5=D0=C1=
=2E
~~~
   =EF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=C9=C5 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 =CF=D0=D2=
=C5=C4=C5=CC=D1=C5=D4 =CB=C1=CB=C9=C5 =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D9 =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4=
 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=D4=D8=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 (=C9 =CF=D4 =DE=D8=C5=C7=CF =CC=C9=C3=
=C1) =CE=C1 =CB=C1=CB=C9=C8 =CB=CF=CE=CB=D2=C5=D4=CE=D9=C8 =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=
=C0=D4=C5=D2=C1=C8=20
(/etc/sudoers =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =D2=C1=D3=D0=CF=CC=CF=D6=C5=CE=
 =CE=C1 =D3=C5=D2=D7=C5=D2=C5 =C9 =C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=D8=D3=
=D1 =D7=D3=C5=CD=C9=20
=CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=C1=CD=C9 =D7 =D3=C5=D4=C9).
  =F0=CF =D5=CD=CF=CC=DE=C1=CE=C9=C0, =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D9 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=
=CE=D1=C0=D4=D3=D1 =CF=D4 =C9=CD=C5=CE=C9 =D3=D5=D0=C5=D2-=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=
=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 (root),=20
=CE=CF =DC=D4=CF =CD=CF=D6=CE=CF =D0=C5=D2=C5=CE=C1=D3=D4=D2=CF=C9=D4=D8 =
=C4=CC=D1 =CB=C1=D6=C4=CF=CA =CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=D9 =CF=D4=C4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF=
=2E
=3D=3D=3D

override - =D0=C5=D2=C5=CE=C1=DA=CE=C1=DE=C9=D4=D8, =C1 =CE=C5 =CF=D4=CD=C5=
=CE=C9=D4=D8

=F7 =D0=D2=C9=CD=C5=D2=C5 =C8=CF=D2=CF=DB=CF =C2=D9 =D5=D0=CF=CD=D1=CE=D5=
=D4=D8, =DE=D4=CF boulder - =DC=D4=CF =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2

=F7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5 =D4=C1=CD =CB=C1=CB=C1=D1-=D4=CF "Omega-"=
 =C6=C9=C7=D5=D2=C9=D2=D5=C5=D4 ???




"-1NOPASSWD and -1PASSWD"



~~~
  =F4=C1=CB=D6=C5, =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =D7=
=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=D4=D8 =C2=C5=DA =D0=C1=D2=CF=CC=D1 =D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =
sudo -v, =C5=D3=CC=C9=20
=CF=D4=CD=C5=D4=CB=C1 NOPASSWD =D0=D2=C9=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4 =C4=CC=
=D1 =D7=D3=C5=C8 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=C5=CA, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=
=D9=C5 =CF=D4=CE=CF=D3=D1=D4=D3=D1=20
=CB =C4=C1=CE=CE=CF=CD=D5 =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=D5.
~~~
   =EB=D2=CF=CD=C5 =D4=CF=CE=CF, =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8 =CD=
=CF=D6=C5=D4 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=D4=D8 =C2=C5=DA =D0=C1=D2=CF=CC=D1 sud=
o -v =D4=CF=C7=C4=C1=20
=D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF, =CB=CF=C7=C4=C1 =CF=D4=CD=C5=D4=CB=C1 NOPASSWD =D0=D2=
=C9=D3=D5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=C5=D4 =C4=CC=D1 =D7=D3=C5=C8 =CF=D0=C9=D3=C1=CE=C9=
=CA =DC=D4=CF=C7=CF=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1, =CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=C5 =CF=D4=CE=CF=D3=
=D1=D4=D3=D1 =CB =C4=C1=CE=CE=CF=CD=D5 =CB=CF=CD=D0=D8=C0=D4=C5=D2=D5.
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=FA=CE=C1=CB=C9 =D0=CF=C4=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CB=C9 =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=
=D4=D7=D5=C0=D4 -1POSIX fnmatch(3)
~~~
Wildcard matching is done via the POSIX  fnmatch(3) routine.
~~~
-1 :-)

=F0=CF=C4=D3=D4=C1=CE=CF=D7=CB=C1 =CD=C5=D4=C1=D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=CF=D7 =D7=
=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=D1=C5=D4=D3=D1 =D3 =D0=CF=CD=CF=DD=D8=C0 POSIX-=D3=D4=C1=CE=
=C4=C1=D2=D4=CE=CF=CA=20
=D0=D2=CF=C3=C5=C4=D5=D2=D9 fnmatch(3)
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=E4=CC=D1 =CC=C0=C2=CF=C7=CF =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=C1 x, =D0=D2=C9=CE=D1=D4=D8=
 =DA=CE=C1=DE=C5=CE=C9=C5 x. =FC=D4=CF =CE=C5=CF=C2=C8=CF=C4=C9=CD=CF =C4=
=CC=D1=20
=C9=D3=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=CE=C9=D1 =D3=D0=C5=C3=C9=C1=CC=D8=CE=D9=C8=
 =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC=CF=D7: *, ?, [, =C9 }
~~~
=F3=C1=CD =D3=C9=CD=D7=CF=CC =C8, =CB=C1=CB=C9=CD =C2=D9 =CF=CE =CE=C9 =C2=
=D9=CC. .....
'}' =D7=C9=C4=C9=CD=CF =D3=D4=CF=C9=D4 =D7 =CF=D2=C9=C7=C9=CE=C1=CC=C5 =D0=
=CF =CF=DB=C9=C2=CB=C5, =C4=CF=CC=D6=C5=CE =C2=D9=D4=D8 =D0=CF =D3=CD=D9=D3=
=CCy ']'
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
""""
~~~
""
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=C1 =CE=C5 =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=
=CE=C5=CE=C1 =CE=C9 =D3 =CB=C1=CB=C9=CD=C9 =D0=C1=D2=C1=CD=C5=D4=D2=C1=CD=
=C9.
~~~
command is not allowed to be run with any arguments
~~~
=CB=CF=CD=C1=CE=C4=C1 =CD=CF=D6=C5=D4 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =D7=D9=D0=CF=CC=CE=C5=CE=
=C1 =D4=CF=CC=D8=CB=CF =C2=C5=DA =C1=D2=C7=D5=CD=C5=CE=D4=CF=D7
=3D=3D=3D


~~~
=D5=CE=C9=D7=C5=D2=D3=C1=CC=D8=CE=D9=CA =C9=C4=C5=CE=D4=C9=C6=C9=CB=C1=D4=
=CF=D2 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1 (uid)
~~~
=CE=C5 =CE=C1=C4=CF =D5=CE=C9=D7=C5=D2=D3=C1=CC=D8=CE=CF=C7=CF ;)  u is j=
ust user
=3D=3D=3D


-1ALL


~~~
=D7=D3=C5=C7=C4=C1 =C9=CD=C5=C5=D4 =CF=D0=D2=C5=C4=C5=CC=C5=CE=C9=C5
~~~
always causes a match to succeed
~~~
=CB=CF=D4=CF=D2=D9=CA =D7=D3=C5=C7=C4=C1 =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=D5=
=C5=D4 =CC=C0=C2=CF=CA =D3=D4=D2=CF=CB=C5
=3D=3D=3D


"-1=E2=E5=FA=EF=F0=E1=F3=EE=EF=F3=F4=F8 -1=F0=F2=E9=ED=E5=FE=E1=EE=E9=F1"=
-> =D3=C5=CB=C3=C9=D1 "=F0=D2=C9=CD=C5=DE=C1=CE=C9=D1 =CF =C2=C5=DA=CF=D0=
=C1=D3=CE=CF=D3=D4=C9"
=E9=CC=C9, =CB=C1=CB =CF=CE=C1 =CE=C1=DA=D7=C1=CE=C1 =CE=C9=D6=C5, =F3=EF=
=F7=E5=F4=F9 =F0=EF =E2.


~~~
('=3D, :, (, )')
(\')
'@, !, =3D, :, ,, (, ), \
~~~
('=3D', ':', '(', ')')
  ('\')
'@', '!', '=3D', ':', ',', '(', ')', '\'
~~~
=C1=D0=CF=D3=D4=D2=CF=C6=D9 =C7=D5=CC=D1=C0=D4
=3D=3D=3D


contrived - =D4=D5=D4, =D3=CB=CF=D2=C5=C5, =EE=E1=C4=D5=CD=C1=CE=CE=D9=C5=



~~~
=ED=D9 =CE=C5 =C8=CF=D4=C9=CD, =DE=D4=CF =C2=D9 sudo =DE=C9=D4=C1=CC=CF =CC=
=C5=CB=C3=C9=C9 =D7=D3=C5=CD =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1=CD
~~~
=2E..=D0=CF=D3=D4=CF=D1=CE=CE=D9=CD =D3=CF=D4=D2=D5=C4=CE=C9=CB=C1=CD
=3D=3D=3D



=EE=C5=D4 =D0=C5=D2=C5=D7=CF=C4=C1: and we don't want to set the LOGNAME
   or USER environment variables when running commands as root
=2E..=C9 =CD=D9 =CE=C5 =C8=CF=D4=C9=CD =C9=DA=CD=C5=CE=D1=D4=D8 $USER =C9=
 $LOGNAME, =CB=CF=C7=C4=C1 =DA=C1=D0=D5=D3=CB=C1=C5=CD =D0=D2=CF=C7=D2=C1=
=CD=CD=D9 =CF=D4=20
=CC=C9=C3=C1 =D3=D5=D0=C5=D2 =D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1


=E4=CC=D1 =CF=D3=D4=C1=CC=D8=CE=D9=C8 =D3=C5=D4=C5=CA =D7 CSNETS =D7 =D3=CC=
=D5=DE=C1=C5 =D3=CF=CF=D4=D7=C5=D4=D3=D4=D7=C9=D1
=2E..=C4=CC=D1 =D3=D2=C1=D7=CE=C5=CE=C9=D1. =E9=CC=C9 ...=C4=CC=D1 =D3=CF=
=D0=CF=D3=D4=C1=D7=CC=C5=CE=C9=D1.


=EE=C1 =CD=C1=DB=C9=CE=C1=C8 www... - www =DC=D4=CF =CF=C4=CE=C1 =CD=C1=DB=
=C9=CE=C1


~~~
=DC=D4=CF=D4 =D7=C9=C4 =CF=C7=D2=C1=CE=C9=DE=C5=CE=C9=CA =C4=CF=CC=D6=C5=CE=
 =C2=D9=D4=D8 =D4=DD=C1=D4=C5=CC=D8=CE=CF =C9=DA=D5=DE=C5=CE
~~~
these kind of restrictions should be considered advisory at best
~~~
=DC=D4=CF=D4 =D7=C9=C4 =CF=C7=D2=C1=CE=C9=DE=C5=CE=C9=CA =D7 =CC=D5=DE=DB=
=C5=CD =D3=CC=D5=DE=C1=C5 =CD=CF=D6=CE=CF =D3=DE=C9=D4=C1=D4=D8 =D2=C5=C4=
=CF=D3=D4=C5=D2=C5=D6=C5=CE=C9=C5=CD=20
=D0=CF=CC=D8=DA=CF=D7=C1=D4=C5=CC=D1=CD
=3D=3D=3D